Importance of thyroid profile in fertility

Present study was conducted to see the effect of thyroid profile in different menstrual problems and their effects on fertility. Prospective study. A total of eighteen hundred and seventy eight patients reported during the year 2006-8, for the present study to see the role of thyroid hormone in fertility. Out of them, 580[30.9%] males and 1298[69.1%] were females with mean age 35 +/- 5 yr and 32 +/- 5 yr respectively. All data analysis were performed using statistical package SPSS version 12.0 [SPSS, Inc.. Chicago IL, USA]. Mean T3, T4 and TSH levels were found to be 0.85, 0.94 and 0.56. However, significant correlation was found between the thyroid profile and fertility [r=0.535 at p<0.01 with 99% CI]. The contribution of thyroid profile in fertility and menstrual disturbances are substantial. Therefore, it is recommended to know the thyroid status in these cases to minimize the problem

Psychosocial determinants of preferring home births

Despite the tremendous advancement in Reproductive Health Services in Pakistan, Child birth at home is still preferred by a part of Pakistani population. This study was planned to find out the psychosocial determinants associated with preferring home deliveries. It is a case controlled study. The study was conducted in Gawalmandi, an urban community of central Lahore from August-December 2007. Our study population consisted of 100 mothers. The criteria for selection of cases were that they were married females between the age of 15 and 49 years and a mother of at least one child and preferred home birth. Fifty controls were also selected in the same socioeconomic class that did not prefer home births. After informed consent a pre tested questionnaire was distributed among the study population. They were interrogated. Information was compiled and analysed on the basis of SPSS version 13 and Epi info 2000. Chisquare test was applied. In a study population of 100 females we found that cheaper and trained midwives, privacy and comfort at home, fear of surgery, babies being kidnapped in hospitals, transport problem, negligence of doctors and family influence are significantly associated with the trend of preferring home deliveries [p < 0.05]. It was concluded that factors leading to preference of home births in our community so that adequate measurements should be taken by the inter-sectoral collaboration, participation of civil society, private sector, government and non-government organizations to decrease MMR and IMR due to home births

Determinants of depression in female adolescents and youth

Adolescents and youth are the main human resource for a nation. Depression is a grave yard for hopes and prosperity making the generation sad, inactive, and having suicidal thoughts. Thus every effort should be made to create awareness and eliminate depression from our youth. To find out the psycho-social determinants of depression in female adolescent and youth. Case control study. Lahore cant urban area, from March, 2007 to July, 2007. It was a community based case control study. Total 400 young females were selected. 200 cases of depression and 200 in the control group. An interview schedule including a structured, pre-tested and bilingual questionnaire was used after taking consent. SPSS and Epi info were used for data analysis. Chi square test was applied. In this study the depression in adolescent and young females had statistically significant relationship with unemployment, underage marriage, early child bearing, infertility, violence, sexual harassment [p<0.05]. The family history of psychiatric ill ness in first degree relatives had no statistically significant association with depression in these females [p>0.05]. The statistically significant psychosocial determinants of depression in young and adolescent females should be rectified by creating awareness in the society

Critical Appraisal of services of medical OPD of a tertiary care hospital of lahore

Patient satisfaction a component of quality of care has been given high priority in developed countries. It is an instrumental component in monitoring hospital's quality of care in relation to costs and services. Many problems are faced by the visitors of the health care facilities due to which they are unable to utilize these services to their entire satisfaction. Generally overcrowding of hospitals, shortage of staff, medicine and equipment and impatience by the patients are taken as the reasons for this unsatisfactory utilization. To pin point the specific reason of non satisfaction of clients in tertiary care hospital in our localities so that corrective measures could be adopted to improve client satisfaction and in turn the confidence on the local health care delivery system. Hospital based cross sectional survey Place and duration of the study: OPD of Mayo Hospital Lahore February 2005- May 2005 Respondents and 160 patients were selected randomly with their consent. These patients were interviewed on pre tested, structured questionnaire. 90 A, of the patients belong to young or middle age[12-40 yrs], 54% were female, 44% were under matric, 35% belong to poor families with family income <2000 Rs/month and 70% were attending it first time. 75% reach OPD early, 36% got registration easily. 21-22% were satisfied with waiting time and facilities. 21-34% were not satisfied because they were not made clear about diet, how to take medicine and further prevention of disease. Filter clinics should be established in the city waiting area facilities needs to be improved early start of OPD training of staff in preventive work and communication skills. In charge of the OPD must have good managerial skill

Role of lifestyle in causation of dental caries

Oral infections are present in almost every individual and dental caries is commonest one with a prevalence of 54.1-55.57%. Most of the carious teeth in the developing countries tend to go untreated to such an extent that the only treatment option available is extraction. Essential factors which can cause dental caries are. Sweet sticky and smooth diet and, cariogenic bacteria. Dietary habits and teeth cleaning practices depends on life style. Lifestyle is known to influence health and may be responsible for many diseases. Therefore a need was identified to document the lifestyle on oral health among the Pakistani population. To see the status of oral health in residents of Lahore. To know the life style of the people [dietary and teeth cleaning habits] and to formulate a health education program for improvement of oral health. A case control study Place and duration of the study. Dental OPD of Mayo hospital and OPD of Dc' Montmorency college of dentistry Feb. to April 2003 Pre- tested questionnaire was used to interview the cases and control groups Results:-poor personal hygiene, smoking, carbonated drinks, tea/coffee intake and excessive sugar intake have a statistically significant role in causation of dental caries -All the causative factors of dental caries, comes under the domain of life style. So a healthier lifestyle [good personal hygiene, non cariogenic diet] should be promoted through health education of the community

Effects on antithyroid agent [carbimazole] on thyroid glandul of Guinea pig with reference to hypertrophy of follicular cells

Effect of Carbimazole [antithyroid drug] on thyroid gland of guinea pig was noted Normal healthy male guinea pigs were divided into two groups, one group was given carbimazole treatment orally for 30 - days, the other group remained untreated and served as control. Histological observations showed enlargement [hypertrophy] of thyroid follicular cells with a significant decrease in the diameter of lumina of follicles amount of colloid and some increase in the diameter of follicles measured. An increase in connective tissue elements and vascularity was noted too. But all these changes were not very extensive because the duration of goitrogen [Carbimazole] treatment was too short [30 days] for such an animal [guinea pig] whose thyroid hormone metabolism is very slow with delayed TSH response to alter changes in histological picture of thyroid gland