ABSTRACT
Eyngium foetidum L. is a medicinal plant widely used by ethnic tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to isolate, identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the healthy leaf tissues of E. foetidum. The endophytic fungi were isolated three different media, namely, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Water Agar (WA) media and from three different sites. Altogether, 84 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from 150 segments of leaf tissues. Dominant endophytes were found to be fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum, followed by non-sporulating members grouped under mycelia sterilia. Other fungal genera that were isolated as endophytes were Scopulariopsis, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Penicilllium and Alternaria. The endophytic fungi thus isolated were studied for antimicrobial activity against some clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytes exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting at least one out of all the test pathogens. Amongst the isolated fungi, extracts obtained from three endophytes showed wide-spectrum activity against all the test organisms. The fungal endophytes were identified as Scopulariopsis sp., Penicillium sp. and a sterile isolate morphotype strain EF6. The study indicated that E. foetidum harbours a wide range of endophytes with antimicrobial properties and further detailed investigation of the compound present in them would lead to their potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.
ABSTRACT
To study endophytic fungi associated with two plant species used as ethno-medicines by aboriginal tribes of Similipal Biosphere Reserve and evaluation for their antimicrobial potentials against some clinically significant human pathogens. A total of 458 endophytic isolates were obtained from leaf, stem and fruit tissues of Solanum rubrum and Morinda pubescence. The dominant endophytic fungi belong to genera Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Curvularia and Mycelia sterilia. Maximum endophytic isolates were obtained from leaves segments followed by stem and fruit tissues. In both the plants class hypomycetes were dominant over other fungal classes. Shannon- Weiner and Simpson indexes showed rich diversity of endophytic fungi suggesting even and uniform occurrence of various species. The endophytic isolates showed varying degree of antimicrobial activity against 9 human pathogens. In S. rubrum 20% and 10% of the isolates inhibited all the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and 35% of the isolates displayed antifungal activity against all the test fungal pathogens. One of the isolate showed considerable antimicrobial activity against all the test pathogens. Endophytic isolates of M. pubescence showed 24% antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and 28% antifungal activity against all the test fungal pathogens. The study revealed that medicinal plants associated endophytes could be a rich source of antimicrobial agents.