ABSTRACT
Este ensaio tem como objetivo abordar o contributo da implementação de Exercício Multicomponente na vida de pessoas idosas residentes em Moçambique (país em desenvolvimento), bem como, confrontar com as ações ligadas à execução das políticas públicas sociais de proteção adstritas a esse grupo populacional. O exercício multicomponente é constituído por um leque de tarefas físicas combinadas recomendadas ao idoso que consiste em atividades que envolvem várias capacidades físicas simultaneamente: aeróbica, treino de marcha, equilíbrio, força, potência e resistência muscular. Para a escrita do ensaio, além das reflexões dos autores, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, bem como, a discussão de documentos oficiais de políticas públicas em vigor em Moçambique. Ficou patente a necessidade de se incluir os exercícios multicomponentes na rotina dos idosos de Moçambique devido a sua relevância no impulsionamento do controle ou reversão das fragilidades biopsicossociais do idoso.
This essay aims to address the contribution of the implementation of Multicomponent Exercise in the lives of elderly people living in Mozambique (developing country), as well as confronting the actions related to the implementation of public social protection policies for this populational group. Multicomponent exercise consists of a range of combined physical tasks recommended for the elderly, consisting of activities that involve several physical capabilities simultaneously: aerobics, gait training, balance, strength, power and muscular endurance. For the writing of the essay, in addition to the authors reflections, a literature review was carried out, as well as the discussion of official documents of public policies in ruling in Mozambique. The need to include multicomponent exercises in the routine of elderly people in Mozambique became clear due to their relevance in boosting the control or reversal of biopsychosocial weaknesses in the elderly.
Este ensayo tiene como objetivo abordar la contribución de la implementación del Ejercicio Multicomponente en la vida de las personas mayores que residen en Mozambique (un país en desarrollo), así como confrontar las acciones relacionadas con la implementación de políticas públicas de protección social relacionadas con este grupo poblacional. El ejercicio multicomponente consiste en un conjunto de tareas físicas combinadas recomendadas para personas mayores, consistentes en actividades que involucran varias capacidades físicas simultáneamente: aeróbic, entrenamiento de la marcha, equilibrio, fuerza, potencia y resistencia muscular. Para la redacción del ensayo, además de las reflexiones de los autores, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, así como la discusión de documentos oficiales de políticas públicas vigentes en Mozambique. La necesidad de incluir ejercicios multicomponentes en la rutina de las personas mayores en Mozambique se hizo evidente debido a su relevancia para potenciar el control o la reversión de las debilidades biopsicosociales en las personas mayores.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and country of origin (Mozambique versus Portugal) on physical activity and sedentariness. Methods: Sample size was comprised of 593 adolescents from Mozambique (n=258) and Portugal (n=335), aged 10-15 years old. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was computed; furthermore, subjects were classified in two groups (normal weight and overweight/obese). The mean time (min/day) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary activity were assessed using the GT3X Actigraph accelerometer over at least 4 days (1 weekend day) with a minimum of 10 hours/day of monitoring. Multiple regression analysis was done in SPSS 20. Results: A low percentage of Mozambican (3.9%) and Portuguese (4.3%) youth complied with the MVPA recommendations (60min·day-1). However, Portuguese boys spend more time in MVPA. Girls and those with higher BMI spend more time in sedentary activities and less time in MVPA and LPA; older adolescents spend more time in sedentary activities and less time in LPA. There is a significant effect of the country of origin on MVPA, favouring Portuguese youth. Conclusions: Results suggest country differences in MVPA between Mozambican and Portuguese youth - the Mozambicans are less involved in MVPA than the Portuguese, probably reinforcing the undesirable effect of the urbanization process in developing nations.