ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hereditary bleeding disorders are the diverse group of disorders that happen due to the inherent abnormalities in the blood vasculature preventing the blood clotting process and leading to delayed bleeding. Objectives: To review this heterogenous group of disorders and update the clinicians about their oral manifestations and dental management to prevent the onset of any complications in dental settings. Materials and Methods: Review papers, original studies, case reports published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, as well as numerous publications, were used to compile the data by four reviewers. Result and Conclusion: This review article explains the existing paradigm. Children with various hereditary bleeding disorders are a significant challenge for clinicians. Many authors have emphasized that patients with bleeding disorders can be managed safely in a dental setting if specific recommendations are followed.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Oral Leukoplakia is the second most common oral potentially malignant disorder encountered in day-to-day clinical practice, with an overall global prevalence of 4.11%. The rate of its malignant transformation varies worldwide. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess CD 138 and CD43 immunoreactivity in oral epithelial dysplasia. Materials & Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on fifteen formalin-fixed oral epithelial dysplasia tissues for CD 43 (n=15) and CD 138 (n=15) which were obtained from archives at Oral cancer research and coordinating centre, Malaysia. Results: The expression of CD 43 in non-hematopoietic tissues was negative in all cases, but epithelium with dysplastic alterations had low or weak CD 138 expression between dysplastic tissue and non-dysplastic epithelium, there was a substantial difference in staining intensity. Conclusion: Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process, and cancer driver genes have been shown to have vastly diverse effects in various tissues. CD 138 expression was shown to be lower in tissues undergoing dysplastic alterations, which could be a sign of oral epithelial dysplasia with a high risk of malignancy.
ABSTRACT
Myofibroblasts differentiate, invade and repair injured tissues by secreting and organizing the extracellular matrix and by developing contractile forces. Under physiological conditions, the secretory and contractile activities of myofibroblasts are terminated when the repair is complete (scar formation) but the functionality of the tissue is only rarely perfectly restored. At the end of the normal repair process, myofibroblasts disappear by apoptosis but in pathological situations, myofibroblasts likely remain leading to excessive scarring. These diverse cell types probably contribute to the appearance of myofibroblast subpopulations which show specific biological properties and which are important to understand in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for treatment of fibrotic and scarring diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from epithelial, ectomesenchymal, and/or mesenchymal elements that still are, or have been, part of the tooth-forming apparatus. Approximately 80% of odontogenic tumors occur in the mandible, with a marked predilection for the posterior region, and are often associated with an unerupted tooth. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokeratin (CK) 18 immunostaining decorated the follicular tissue removed at the time of prophylactic extraction of impacted mandibular third molars, which might suggest oncofetal transformation. Materials and Methods : Fifty-four impactions met the study inclusion criteria, of which 24 cases showed the presence of reduced enamel epithelium and/or connective tissue with odontogenic epithelium, which were subjected to CK 18 immunostaining. Results: All 24 cases with adequate epithelium were CK 18 immunonegative. Conclusion: There was no oncofetal transformation in the odontogenic epithelia of the dental follicles studied. Thus, although we reaffirm that evaluation of follicular tissue is imperative since disease conditions may be found in minute follicular spaces, development of odontogenic cysts and tumors is unlikely.