ABSTRACT
Starch gel electrophoresis was used for examining the transferrin gene locus (Tf) and two esterase gene loci (Est-1 and Est-D1) of a pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) population sample collected from Santa Cruz Lake, Tefé River, Amazonas, Brazil. The Tf locus was tentatively classified as being polymorphic, showing two double-banded patterns (Tf 12 and Tf 22) of the three theoretically expected ones (Tf 11, Tf 12 and Tf 22), presumably controlled by two co-dominant alleles, Tf 1 and Tf 2. The monotony detected in pirarucu Tf locus genotypes showing a very high proportion of the double-banded heterozygote pattern Tf 12 (95% of the sampled individuals) may indicate the possibility of their having come from representatives of the same brood begotten by a pair of fish, where a single-banded Tf 11 homozygote pattern male would have crossed with a single-banded Tf 22 homozygote pattern female, or vice versa. One zone of electrophoretic activity was detected in esterase, presumably controlled by a monomorphic Est-1 locus with the fixed allele Est-11 where all individuals showed the single-banded Est-111 homozygote pattern. Esterase-D also displayed one zone of electrophoretic activity, presumably controlled by a monomorphic Est-D1 locus with a fixed allele Est-D11 where all individuals revealed the single-banded Est-D111 genotype pattern. The monotony comprised by single-banded genotype patterns in both esterase systems tested may also indicate the possibility of the individuals from the sample examined having come from representatives of the same brood begotten by a pair of fish with both the male and female having the same genotypes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Esterases/genetics , Fishes/genetics , Fish Proteins/genetics , Transferrin/genetics , Alleles , Brazil , Electrophoresis, Starch Gel/methods , Genotype , Geography , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Esterase (Est) and esterase-D (Est-D) electrophoretic patterns identified by starch gel electrophoresis of skeletal muscle protein extracts of 184 specimens of three species of peacock bass, locally known as tucunares (Cichla monoculus, C. temensis and Cichla sp), plus four specimens of a supposed hybrid (C. monoculus vs C. temensis), collected from the Central Amazon, were examined to determine if they could aid in identifying a supposed hybrid between C. monoculus and C. temensis. Six zones of electrophoretic activity were found with these enzyme systems. The Est enzyme showed one zone of activity, formed by bands 1, 2 and 3, plus three zones of activity, presumably controlled by Est-1, 2 and 3 loci. The Est-D enzyme had two zones of activity, presumably controlled by Est-D1 and Est-D2 loci. Cichla monoculus and C. temensis shared band 2 and alleles Est-1(1), Est-2(1), Est-3(2), and Est-D1(1), and therefore these were useless for identifying hybrids between the two species. However, a probable hybrid pattern of bands 1, 2, and 3, presumably generated by a combination of pattern 12 from C. monoculus with pattern 23 from C. temensis, resulting from a possible cross between these two species, was detected. Although the Est-D2 locus cannot be considered an ideal diagnostic marker for identifying the supposed hybrid (C. monoculus vs C. temensis), as it is polymorphic, it proved to be useful for determining the origin of the hybrid, i.e., which parental species were involved in the hybridization process
Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids , Esterases/analysis , Hybridization, Genetic/genetics , Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology , Electrophoresis, Starch Gel , Esterases/geneticsABSTRACT
Este trabalho e baseado em dois casos clinicos, em que projeteis seguiram caminhos inusitados, embolizando dentro do sistema cardiovascular. O primeiro paciente foi vitima de um ferimento por arma de fogo ao nivel da regiao infraclavicular direita O projetil atingiu a primeira costela, perfurou a veia subclavia direita e, sem transpassa-la, embolizou para a veia cava superior, auricula direita, vindo a se fixar no interior do ventriculo direito. Dai ele foi retirado cirurgicamente, com auxilio de circulacao extracorporea. O segundo paciente recebeu um tiro de revolver ao nivel do ombro direito. O projetil perfurou o pulmao direito, entrou numa veia pulmonar e embolizou para o atrio esquerdo, ventriculo esquerdo, aorta toracica e abdominal, vindo a parar ao nivel da arteria iliaca primitiva esquerda, de onde ele foi retirado cirurgicamente. Ambos os pacientes tiveram alta curados. Faz-se, concomitantemente, uma revisao da literatura