End-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without perineurium

Objective: We compared end-to-side neurorraphy with and without the perineural sheath. Method: Twenty rats were used. The peroneal nerve was sectioned and the distal end was sutured to the lateral face of the tibial nerve. We removed the perineural sheath only on the right side, but not on the left side. The proximal end of the peroneal nerve was curved back approximately at a 100 angle and implanted into the adductor muscle. Six months later, the 14 surviving animals were submitted to electrophysiological tests, sacrificed, and the nerves and muscles were taken for histological exams. Results: On the right side, the muscles that had positive response needed and average of 258.89 mV (+ 92.31) of electric stimulus and on the left side 298.34 mV (+139.32). The average weight of the tibial cranial muscles of the right side was 0.47 g (0.18) and for the left side 0.45 g (0.15). The distal end of the peroneal nerve showed averages of 310.29 (+191.34) nerve fibers on the right side and 287.71 (+183.60) on the left side. The tibial nerve above the neurorraphy showed averages of 939.46 (+223.51) nerve fibers on the right side and 959.46 (+327.48) on the left side. The tibial nerve below the neurorraphy showed averages of 935.17 (+298.65) nerve fibers on the right side and 755.31 (+323.26) on the left side. The average areas of the right tibial cranial muscles were 0.0162 m2 (+0.008), after 230 magnification, and 0.0152 m2 (0.0064) for the left tibial cranial muscles. The histological features of the tibial cranial muscles, taking normal as 100 per cent, were 78.21 (+20.75) on the right side and 82.14 (+15.89) on the left side. The statistical analysis (Student's t test) did not reveal any difference (p<0.05) among right and left sides for all variables. Conclusion. The authors concluded that the two neurorraphies (with and without perinerium) did not show any difference regarding morphological and electrophysiological features studies.

Uso da fluorsceína na identificação dos vasos linfáticos superficiais das glândulas mamárias em cadelas / Use of fluorescein to identify the superficial lymphatic vessels of mammary glands in bitches

Uma técnica empregando fluoresceína sódica 5 por cento e luz ultravioleta foi desenvolvida para a identificação dos trajetos dos vasos linfáticos superficiais das glândulas mamárias em dez cadelas. A fluoresceína foi injetada por via intradérmica ao redor da base de cada mamilo e cada mama foi observada após 5, 15, 30 e 60 minutos. Em cada animal, primeiramente, foram avaliadas as mamas torácica cranial, abdominal cranial e inguinal das cadeias direita e esquerda e 48 horas após as mamas torácica caudal e abdominal caudal das cadeias direita e esquerda. De um total de 97 mamas injetadas, em 8 a fluoresceína não foi captada pelos linfáticos. O tempo de 30 minutos foi o mais adequado para a visualização total dos trajetos. Mostrou ser um método simples, rápido e inócuo de verificação in vivo de vasos linfáticos.

The superficial lymphatic vessels of mammary glands were studied in ten bitches using 5 percent sodium fluorescein and ultraviolet light. Fluorescein was injected intradermally around each nipple basis and each mammary gland was observed after 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In each animal, it was evaluated the cranial thoracic, cranial abdominal and inguinal mammary glands of the rigth and left chains, and after 48 hours the caudal thoracic and caudal abdominal mammary glands of the rigth and left chains. Fluorescein was not captured by the lymphatics in 8 of the 97 mammary glands injected. The best visualization of the trajectories was at 30 minutes after fluorescein injection. This is a simple, rapid and innocuous method for in vivo examination of the lymphatic vessels.