In vitro analysis of microbial contamination of paper points

Introduction: During endodontic treatment, the maintennance of the aseptic chain is mandatory. Therefore, all substances, instruments, and medications inserted into root canals must be free of microorganisms. Objective: To evaluate in vitro and microbiologically the contamination of absorbent paper points. Material and methods: Absorbent paper points of different brands and under different conditions were evaluated and subdivided into the following groups: esterilized by the manufacturer (G1 to G5), not esterilized by the manufacturer (G6), esterilized in autoclave by the operator (G7), and intentionally contaminated (G8). The two last groups were the positive and negative controls, respectively. All paper points were unpacked and immersed into tubes with culture medium for 48 hours and then analyzed according to culture broth turbidity. Results: Only the samples esterilized by the manufacturers Dentsply® (G1), Endopoints® (G2), and Meta® (G3), and the samples esterilized in autoclave by the operator (G7) did not evidence microbial growth after 48 hours. Although sterilized by the manufacturer, both the brands Tanari® (G4) and Roeko® (G5) showed bacterial contamination; Dentsply® (G6) non-sterile paper points also showed bacterial contamination. Conclusion: Paper point esterilization before clinical use should be recommended regardless of the commercial brand.

Avaliação ex vivo da precisão de um localizador apical antes e após o pré-alargamento das paredes dos canais sob a influência de diferentes substâncias irrigadoras / Evaluation ex vivo precision of an apex locator before and after pre-flaring of the root canals under the influence of different irrigants

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, ex vivo, a influência do peróxido de hidrogênio (H 2 O 2 ) a 3,0% e do hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) a 2,5% e 5,25% na precisão das medidas obtidas por um localizador apical eletrônico antes e após o pré-alargamento. Foram utilizadas 25 raízes mesiais de primeiros molares inferiores, totalizando 50 canais radiculares, que tiveram as coroas cortadas na junção amelocementária. A medida real de cada canal foi realizada e, em seguida, as amostras foram incluídas em uma mistura de alginato, usada como meio condutor, onde foram realizadas as medições eletrônicas com o localizador apical auxiliadas com o uso das três soluções irrigadoras antes e após o desgaste do terço médio e cervical dos canais com brocas Gates-Glidden. As medidas obtidas pelo método eletrônico foram então comparadas com a medida real dos canais. Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos ao teste estatístico t de Student. Os resultados revelaram que não houve significância estatística (p>0,05) entre as leituras obtidas antes e após o desgaste dos terços cervical e médio dos canais com uso de NaOCl 2,5 e 5,25%, com resultados demonstrando, em média, leituras mais próximas do comprimento real do canal no grupo sem pré-alargamento. Porém, observamos diferença estatística com uso de H 2 O 2 (p<0,05) entre as leituras obtidas tanto antes quanto após o desgaste dos dois terços iniciais do canal. Desta forma, conclui-se que o preparo médio-cervical com brocas Gates Glidden não foi capaz de interferir significativamente na precisão do localizador apical testado

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) measured by a root apex locator before and after the pre-flaring of the root canal. The mesial root of twenty five mandibular first molars, total of 50 root canals, was tested with the crown cut off from the enamel-cementum junction. The real measure of each root was defined and after that the samples were stored in a mix of alginate, used as a conductor. The measures were done with a root apex locator using three different irrigation solutions before and after the instrumentation of the medium and cervical parts of the roots by means of Gates-Glidden drills. The measures obtained by the electronic method were compared to the real length of each root canal. These data were evaluated by means of the student t test for statistical analysis that demonstrate no statistical differences between the measures before and after the pre-flaring using 2.5% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (p>0.05). The results showed measures closer to the actual root canal length in the group without the pre-flaring, however statistical significance was observed with 3% hydrogen peroxide between the measures done before and after the root canal pre-flaring (p<0.05). Thus, we concluded that the medium and cervical preparation with Gates-Glidden drills was not able to interfere in the root apex locator precision

Effectiveness of an electronic apex locator used after preflaring of cervical and middle third

Introduction: The electronic method has been studied and improved aiming to add precision, speed and reliability of the measurement technique to determine the exact location of the working length. Currently, the root canal preparation recommends prior to determine the tooth length and consequent perform instrumentation of the apical portion, a previous preflaring of the cervical and middle thirds in various techniques. This procedure may provide a reduction in system impedance, leading to read errors by the apex locators. Objective: Investigate the influence of preflaring of the cervical and middle thirds on the accuracy of measuring the working length by apex locators. Material and methods: Twenty-five mesial roots of molars were used and had their crowns cut at the cemento-enamel junction. The actual measure of each root canal was performed and then the samples were embedded into a mixture of alginate, used as a conducting medium, where electronic measurements were taken with apex locator before and after preflaring of the canals with Gates-Glidden drills in descending order (#4, #3, #2). Measurements obtained by electronic method were then compared with the actual measurement of the root canal. The results were tabulated and submitted to the Student t test. Results: The results show that there was no statistical significance (p<0.05) between the readings before and after preflaring. Readings closer to the foraminal ending occurred in the group after preflaring with Gates Glidden. Conclusion: It was concluded that preflaring with Gates Glidden drills were not able to influence significantly the accuracy of apex locator in determining the exact working length.

Adenoma pleomórfico en labio superior: relato de un caso / Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip: report of a case

El adenoma pleomórfico, también conocido como tumor mixto benigno, es la neoplasia mas común tanto en glándulas salivales mayores como en menores. Suele presentarse como una lesión firme de crecimiento lento y asintomático. En glándulas salivales menores, el sitio preferencial está en el paladar, seguido del labio superior y mucosa yugal. Su diagnostico esta basado en el aspecto histopatológico en que puede ser bastante diversificado. El tratamiento del adenoma consiste en la remoción quirúrgica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir un caso de adenoma pleomórfico de aproximadamente cuatro centímetros localizado en el labio superior de una paciente del sexo femenino, 68 años, que ha sido tratada por escisión quirúrgica.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland neoplasm in both the major and minor salivary glands. It presents like a solid tumor of slow growth and asymptomatic. On minor salivary glands, the site more often affected is the hard palate, followed by the upper lip and buccal mucosa. The diagnosis is base on the histopathology features that can be very diversificated. Pleomorphic adenoma's treatment consists at surgical excision The aim of this study was to report a case of pleomorphic adenoma, of 4cm in dimension in upper lip of a female patient, 68 years old that was treated by surgical treatment.

Adenoma Pleomórfico é o tumor de glândula salivar mais comum tanto em glândulas maiores como nas menores, apresentando crescimento lento e assintomático. O local preferencial de acometimento, em glândulas salivares menores, é palato duro, seguido pelo lábio superior e mucosa jugal. Seu diagnóstico é baseado nos aspectos histopatológicos que podem se apresentar de forma bastante diversificada. Seu tratamento consiste em excisão cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de adenoma pleomórfico de 4 cm localizado em lábio superior de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 68 anos de idade, que foi tratado cirurgicamente.