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Introduction: The present study was conducted to explore the awareness and perception of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among pregnant women. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 01, 2021, to September 28, 2021, among 301 pregnant women aged 18–35 years at antenatal care outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra. Results: On assessing the knowledge and awareness score, the mean score (± standard deviation) was 7.83 ± 1.2 out of 16. A total of 176 (58.5%) had good scores(?8). There was no statistically significant association between knowledge and awareness scores and the level of education, type of residence, and age or with weeks of gestation. Although the overall awareness of study participants was satisfactory, 177 (58.8%) felt that COVID-19 vaccines should be avoided during the first trimester. Interestingly, 45 (15.3%) felt that vaccines should not be given during menstruation. There were misconceptions about perceived contraindication, with 81(26.9%), 50(16.6%) and 43(14.4%) responding that diabetes, hypertension and heart disease are contradicts respectively. Interestingly, a total of 52 (17.3%) responded as likely when enquired whether the present vaccine can cause infertility. Similarly, about 62% of study participants felt that the vaccine might alter the DNA. Conclusion: The present study revealed good overall knowledge and awareness about the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant with certain misconceptions. The findings suggest that immediate health education programs, risk communication, and correct information should be disseminated by respective health authorities.
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Background: To assess the extent of Ultrasound (USS) abdomen findings in acute viral hepatitis and further assess the role of USS as a prognostic marker.Methods: From May 2013 to September 2016, a total of 220 patients of acute Enterogenic viral hepatitis were studied by routine USS within first seven days of onset of symptoms, followed by routine USS between 10 to 15 days and follow up scan after 12 weeks. Only patients with acute Enterogenic viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E) were included. All patients with chronic liver disease and other form of acute hepatitis i.e. Hepatitis B, C and D were excluded from the study.Results: Among 220 patients of acute viral hepatitis routine USS findings including hepatomegaly, bright liver and thickened GB wall and periportal adenopathy were in isolation or in combination up to varying degrees. The commonest routine USS finding in acute phase was thickened GB wall (80%). 14 patients exhibited triad of enlarged Portal Vein (PV), Splenomegaly and Ascites. These 14 patients had prolonged stay in hospital and 11 patients had deranged liver function tests at 12 wks. interval and three patients developed hepatic encephalopathy including one patient who went into fulminant hepatic failure. Out of the patients who did not exhibit this triad 72 patients still had deranged LFT at 12 weeks and maximum of these patients had a combination of USS markers at presentation.Conclusions: USS has very little if any role in the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. It can however play an important role as a prognostic marker during the acute phase where it can detect enlarged portal vein, splenomegaly and ascites. This triad of USS findings is suggestive of transient portal hypertension likely due to hepatic congestion. Also, other USS markers if seen in combination at presentation can reliably predict a poorer prognosis
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Background: Patient satisfaction surveys are one of the most important feedback systems for any hospital to understand patient concern and take necessary corrective measures. The study was done in primary health centers in border areas of Jammu division to know the satisfaction among the patient and describe their socio-demographic profile.Methods: Study was cross-sectional questionnaire based study conducted among the inpatient of the primary health center, Paragwal from 01 July 2018 to 30 November 2018. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and entered in an excel sheet and analysed using SPSS 20.Results: A total of 110 respondents participated in the group. The mean age of the study subjects was 43.4±9.7 years and majority (86%) of the respondents was married, higher proportions of males (71%) and majority subjects (77%) were illiterate. According to Kuppuswamy scale, 66% of the study subjects belong to low socio-economic status (SES). There was no statistical significant association of socio-economic status, age, literacy. Female gender was associated with satisfaction regarding explanation of illness.Conclusions: In the present study, we found that majority of the participant were satisfied. However, the areas like congestion and time management needs improvement.