ABSTRACT
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, multisystemic, low-grade neoplasm character-ized by diffuse cystic lesions in the lung.In recent years, emerging imaging examination such as 68Ga-NEB PET-CT scan provides efficient and precise non-invasive diagnostic methods to detect lymphatic circulation abnormalities in LAM patients. The long-term efficacy and safety of sirolimus for LAM has accumulated further evidence, and genetic profiling studies have unveiled more information of genetic mechanisms. Prognosis of LAM has been much improved. We briefly reviewed the research advances of LAM in China and other countires.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the effect of positive and negative evaluative conditioning (EC) on neutral faces.Methods The experiment consisted of three phases:baseline phase,conditioning phase,and re-evaluative phase,in which 41 college students participated,watching sequences of neutral faces (CS) pairing to either a positive stimulus (USpos) or a negative stimulus (USneg).Their emotional experiences (valence and arousal) and physiological reactivity (eyeblink startle reflex and skin conductance) were recor ded.Results (1) In the re-evaluative phase,CSpos was rated significantly more positive than CSneg and CSneut,while CSneg was rated significantly more negative than CSneut (CSpos (5.05± 1.24),CSneg (3.73± 1.48),CSneut (4.46± 1.04),P＜0.05).(2)In the re-evaluative phase,the mean startle eyeblink response magnitude(T score) to CSpos was significantly smaller than the responses elicited by CSneg and CSneut (CSpos (45.04±5.56),CSneg (51.44±9.30),CSneut (54.52± 10.60),P＜0.01).Conclusion The findings suggest that neutral faces can acquire valences and approach motivation through EC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the destructive effect of CSC-DC-CIK who were induced by cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells co-cultured with dendritic cells (DCs) on homologous tumor cells and to explore the possibility of CSC anti-gen involving in killing tumor. Methods Kidney cancer stem cells (KSCs) and lung cancer stem cells (LSCs) were isolated through FACS using CD133 +as a selection marker from cultured kidney cancer cell line A498 and lung cancer cell line A549 respectively. Freeze-thaw method was used to obtain the cancer stem cells(CSCs)antigens. DC cells and CIK cells were collected by in vitro expansion and inducted from the mononuclear cells isolated from human cord blood. The CIK cells were co-cultured with the DCs which were pulsed with the CSCs antigens(CSC-DC-CIK)mentioned above. Immunopheno-types of DC and CIK were analyzed by flow cytometry;cytokines levels were detected by ELISA kits and the destructive ef-fects of two kinds of CSC-DC-CIKs were tested by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Results The expression of phenotypes CD40+, CD80+, CD86+and HLA-DR+were higher in CSC-DC than in CD(P<0.01);the expression of pheno-types CD40+, CD80+, CD86+and HLA-DR+of DC and CSC-DC were higher after co-culture than those before co-culture( P<0.01);the expression of phenotypes CD40+, CD80+, CD86+and HLA-DR+of CSC-DC after been co-cultured with CIK were higher than those of DC after been co-cultured with CIK(P<0.01). The CIK phenotypes:CD3+, CD8+, CD56+were in-creased in CIK co-cultured with both CSC-DC and DC than those before co-culture (P<0.01);the expression of pheno-types CD3+, CD8+, CD56 +were higher in CSC-DC co-cultured with CIK than in DC co-cultured with CIK. DC-CIK and CSC-DC-CIK groups were more capable to express IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 than they were before co-cultured with CIK (P<0.01). CSC-DC-CIK group can secrete more above cytokines than DC-CIK group does(P<0.01). The destructive rates of KSC-DC-CIK and LSC-DC-CIK on target cells were (50.21 ± 4.24)%and (49.32 ± 3.89)%respectively which were much higher than that in DC-CIK(30.25±3.11)%(F=89.157,P<0.01). Conclusion CSC-DC-CIKs have destructive effects on homologous tumor cells. More researches are needed to explore the mechanism and to evaluate the clinical applications.