Treatment Eligibility and Therapeutic Responses of an Ecuadorian Population at High Cardiovascular Risk Based on the ATP III Guidelines

Abstract Background The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines aim to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Ecuador, 20% of people have high LDL cholesterol levels, and 39% have high triglyceride levels. Objective To analyze lipid-lowering regimens in Ecuadorian patients and determine the achievement rate of the ATPIII goals for lipid profile. Methods Using a retrospective analysis, 385 subjects older than 30 years, who received pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia for at least three months was randomly selected from institutions at two large cities in Ecuador. Data were collected from patients' medical records and analyzed by chi-square test or paired t-test; p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Baseline total cholesterol values were above 200 mg/dL in 75% of subjects, LDL-c values above 129 mg/dL in 83% of subjects and triglycerides values above 150 mg/dL in 79% of subjects. Most (n = 253, 95.8%) patients at very high cardiovascular risk were taking statins, 50% of them atorvastatin. Considering the ATPIII guidelines' goals, only 24 subjects (19%) at high CV risk achieved an LDL-c < 100 mg/dl, while a significantly lower percentage (p = 0.04) of patients at very high risk reached an LDL-c < 70mg/dl (11%; n = 30). Conclusion These data indicate a low rate of compliance with the ATPIII guidelines, independent of the medication used or duration of the treatment. This may be attributed to the prescription of low doses of medication and a therapy targeting isolated lipid fractions rather than a complete lipid profile. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(4):371-376)

Adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes de consulta externa de los centros de salud de Quito / Adherence to treatment in outpatient patients of health centers in Quito

La adherencia al tratamiento, según la OMS, es "La medida en que la conducta de una persona al tomar medicamentos, seguir una dieta y/o realizar cambios en su estilo de vida, corresponde con las recomendaciones acordadas por un proveedor de atención médica". Dicha adherencia puede estar comprometida por varios factores relacionados tanto con el paciente y su entorno, como con los proveedores de salud. Existe un gran problema mundial relacionado con esta falta de adherencia, que lleva a incrementar la morbi-mortalidad, errores diagnósticos y tratamiento, los costos de salud y otros. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes tomados de 3 centros de atención primaria de salud de Quito, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio observacional y prospectivo. Se identificó a pacientes (n = 80) que recibieron algún tipo de tratamiento farmacológico ambulatorio y se realizó el seguimiento de su adherencia al tratamiento. Se encontró que 1 de cada 4 pacientes (25%) olvida tomar al menos 1 dosis de su tratamiento y, 2 de cada 5 (40%) no cumplen los horarios establecidos para la toma de medicación, independientemente de la patología o la duración del tratamiento. Por tanto, resulta indispensable implementar nuevos y diferentes instrumentos que permitan, al personal de salud, contribuir activamente a cambiar esta realidad

Adherence to treatment according to the WHO refers to "the extent to which a person's behaviour ­ taking medication, following a diet or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Such adherence might be compromised by several factors related to both the patient and its environment, as well as health providers. There is a large global problem related to this lack of adherence, which leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality, errors in diagnosis and treatment, increased costs of health, etc. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to treatment in patients from three primary health care centers in Quito, Ecuador. An observational and prospective study was carried out. Patients (n = 80) who received some kind of outpatient pharmacological treatment were identified and their adherence to the treatment was monitored. One out of four patients (25%) stated to have forgotten at least one dose of their treatment, and two out of five patients (40%) did not follow the established medication schedules, regardless of the pathology and duration of treatment. Therefore, it is essential to implement new and different instruments that allow health personnel to actively contribute to change this reality.