The Prognostic Importance of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

ABSTRACT Objective: Molecular methods have practical difficulties in identifying sub-groups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in routine clinical practice. The goal of this study was to sub-classify DLBCL patients into sub-groups by immunohistochemical method and to evaluate the effects of sub-groups on prognosis. Methods: For this purpose, the lymph node biopsy specimens of 40 patients with DLBCL have stained with monoclonal antibody immunostains of cluster of differentiation 10, B-cell lymphoma 6 and multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1). Results: As a result, 6 (15%) patients have germinal centre B-cell like (GCB) phenotype and 34 (85%) patients have non-GCB phenotype. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was 31.00 ± 15.49 months and 27.66 ± 17.95 months in GCB phenotype, respectively. The OS and EFS were 23.79 ± 17.82 months and 20.97 ± 17.12 months in non-GCB phenotype, respectively. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma oncogene 1 has reached statistical significance among immunostains, and was found negatively correlated with OS and EFS. If these markers are standardized in the future, more accurate treatment schedules will be determined.

In vitro comparison of the cytotoxic effects of statins on U266 myeloma cell line

Background & objectives: Statins are one of the most widely used drugs and have antilipidemic effects as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. It has been shown that the synergistic combinations of statins which can provide better clinical benefit in the treatment of cancer and if administered with other anticancer agents, may be an alternative treatment modality. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of administrating statin in multiple myeloma (MM) cell line on cell proliferation. Methods: U266 myeloma cells were cultured in 25 or 75 cm[2] flasks by using cell culture medium mixtures obtained with the supplementation of 10 per cent foetal bovine serum and one per cent of penicillin-streptomycin into RPMI 1640 medium. When the cells reached confluence (reached to the density of 70%), they were reproduced by passaging. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the XTT test. Results: Statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin), were administered to the U266 myeloma cell line at 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 ?M concentrations. Inhibitor concentration 50 (IC50) values calculated for atorvastatin and simvastatin were determined as 94 and 38 ?M, respectively. While 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 ?M concentrations were used for bortezomib, the IC50value calculated for this agent was 18.2 nM. When six concentrations of bortezomib used in the study were combined with 12.5 ?M inactive concentrations of statins that did not cause inhibition in cell proliferation, both atorvastatin and simvastatin increased the effect of bortezomib at all the concentrations used, and simvastatin showed a stronger efficacy than atorvastatin. Interpretation & conclusions: Our in vitro results indicated that atorvastatin and simvastatin when used along with the conventional treatment in myeloma patients, may improve the effectiveness of the standard therapy and prevent the bortezomib-induced cytotoxic and neurotoxic side effects when used at a low dose. Further studies need to be done in MM patints to confirm these findings.