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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(6): 787-789, jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020727

ABSTRACT

Heart failure is one of the first diseases in which stem cells were used for regenerative medicine. Since 2001, many publications have shown that stem cell therapy has the potential to mitigate heart diseases, but there is no solid scientific evidence to fully support its clinical application at present. The future of regenerative medicine requires validated clinical trials with standardized platforms and transdisciplinary efforts to enable the development of safe and effective regenerative therapies to protect patients and to promote the ethical application of this new and highly promising therapy. Doctors and scientists have a responsibility to discuss with patients the current reality of regenerative therapies. They also have a responsibility to discourage the indiscriminate and commercial use of these therapies, which are sometimes based on false hopes, since their inappropriate use can harm vulnerable patients as well as research efforts. Although regenerative medicine may be the medicine of the future and might bring the hope of cure for chronic diseases, it is not yet ready for its wide clinical application.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stem Cell Transplantation/ethics , Heart Failure/therapy , Stem Cell Transplantation/trends , Regenerative Medicine/trends , Regenerative Medicine/ethics
5.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 32(2): 131-139, Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-650804

ABSTRACT

Objective. To assess the use and validity of prediction models to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Latin America and among Hispanic populations in the United States of America. Methods. This was a systematic review of three databases: Ovid MEDLINE (1 January 1950­15 April 2010), LILACS (1 January 1988­15 April 2010), and EMBASE (1 January 1988­15 April 2010). MeSH search terms and domains were related to CVD, prediction rules, Latin America (including the Caribbean), and Hispanics in the United States. Database searches were supplemented by correspondence with experts in the field. Results. A total of 1 655 abstracts were identified, of which five cohorts with a total of 13 142 subjects met inclusion criteria. A Mexican cohort showed that the predicted/observed event-rate ratio for coronary heart disease (CHD) according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) was 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26­2.11); incident myocardial infarction, 1.36 (95% CI, 0.90­1.83); and CHD death, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.43­2.00). In Ecuador, a prediction model for CVD and total deaths in hypertensive patients had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72­0.86), while the World Health Organization method had an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67­0.82). A study predicting mortality risk in people with Chagas' disease had an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72­0.90). Among a United States cohort that included Hispanics, FRS overestimated CVD risk for Hispanics with an AUC of 0.69. Another study in the United States that assessed FRS factors predicting CVD death among Mexican-Americans had an AUC of 0.78. Conclusions. The evidence regarding CVD risk prediction rules in Latin America or among Hispanics in the United States is modest at best. It is likely that the FRS overestimates CVD risk in Hispanics when not properly recalibrated.


Objetivo. Evaluar el uso y la validez de los modelos de predicción para calcular el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en América Latina y en poblaciones hispanas en los Estados Unidos de América. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de tres bases de datos: Ovid MEDLINE (1 de enero de 1950 al 15 de abril del 2010), LILACS (1 de enero de 1988 al 15 de abril del 2010) y Embase (1 de enero de 1988 al 15 de abril del 2010). Los términos de búsqueda MeSH y los dominios se relacionaron con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, las reglas de predicción, América Latina (que incluye el Caribe) y los hispanos en los Estados Unidos. Las búsquedas en las bases de datos se complementaron con la opinión de expertos en el tema. Resultados. Se identificaron 1 655 resúmenes, de los cuales reunieron los criterios de inclusión cinco cohortes con un total de 13 142 sujetos. En una cohorte mexicana la razón entre las tasas de sucesos previstos y observados para la cardiopatía coronaria según la escala de valoración del riesgo de Framingham (FRS) fue 1,68 (IC de 95%, 1,26­2,11); para el infarto de miocardio nuevo, 1,36 (IC de 95%, 0,90­1,83); y para la muerte por cardiopatía coronaria, 1,21 (IC de 95%, 0,43­2,00). En el Ecuador, un modelo de predicción de defunción por enfermedades cardiovasculares y total en los pacientes hipertensos presentó un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,79 (IC de 95%, 0,72­0,86), mientras que el método de la Organización Mundial de la Salud mostró un AUC de 0,74 (IC de 95%, 0,67­0,82). Un estudio enfocado a predecir el riesgo de mortalidad en las personas con enfermedad de Chagas reveló un AUC de 0,81 (IC de 95%, 0,72­0,90). En una cohorte de los Estados Unidos que incluía población hispana, la FRS sobrestimó el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares para los hispanos con un AUC de 0,69. Otro estudio realizado en los Estados Unidos en el que se evaluó los factores de la FRS que predecían la muerte debida a enfermedades cardiovasculares en estadounidenses de origen mexicano reveló un AUC de 0,78. Conclusiones. Los datos relacionados con las reglas de predicción del riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares en América Latina o en la población hispana en los Estados Unidos son, en el mejor de los casos, limitados. Es probable que la FRS sobrestime el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares en la población hispana cuando no se la recalibra de manera adecuada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Area Under Curve , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Follow-Up Studies , Latin America/epidemiology , Models, Theoretical , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Risk , Risk Assessment , United States/epidemiology
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(5): 561-568, mayo 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648581

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs play an important role in the control and prevention of new cardiac events. Aim: A survey was performed to evaluate the current situation of CR programs in Chile. Material and Methods: A questionnaire evaluating the structure of rehabilitation centers, characteristics of the rehabilitation programs and patients, management of risk factors, reimbursement methods, human resources and potential barriers for an efficient rehabilitation, was mailed to centers dedicated to CR in Chile. Results: Eight centers were contacted and seven responded. Coronary heart disease is the most common underlying disease of attended patients and CR is carried out mainly during phases II and III. All CR centers perform an initial assessment, stratify patients, plan and provide tips on physical activity and nutrition. Only three centers provide help to quit smoking. Lipid profile and blood sugar are assessed in 62% of centers. Most practitioners involved are cardiologists, nurses, physiotherapists and nutritionists, all trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The main barrier for their development is the lack of patient referral from practitioners. Conclusions: Despite the recognized value of CR in the care of patients after a cardiac event, this study reveals the need for further development of such programs and improvement of patient referrals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/rehabilitation , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Rehabilitation Centers/standards , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Chile , Coronary Disease/rehabilitation , Patient Care Team , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Referral and Consultation , Rehabilitation Centers/organization & administration , Rehabilitation Centers/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Secondary Prevention
7.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 18(6): 305-315, nov.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-647257

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de morbimortalidad en muchos países del mundo, entre los que se incluye Colombia. Es así como la rehabilitación cardiovascular se convierte en una estrategia de prevención secundaria con intervención integral y costo-efectiva para este tipo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: evaluar la situación actual de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en Colombia. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, realizado por medio de un cuestionario escrito, aplicado al coordinador y/o responsable de cada programa de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del país. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS: 44 de 49 centros contactados respondieron el cuestionario. 88,6% de los programas pertenece a la red privada y 6,8% a la pública; 75% funciona dentro de un hospital o clínica y 25% son extra hospitalarios. La enfermedad coronaria es la principal patología que genera la remisión de los pacientes a los centros de rehabilitación cardiovascular. El recurso humano es variable en cuanto a su conformación, permanencia y actividades al interior del programa. Todos los centros realizan la fase II, seguida por las fases III (84,1%), I (70,5%) y IV (45,5%). 58% de los programas siempre incluye pruebas diagnósticas de factores de riesgo convencionales (colesterol total y fracciones, triglicéridos y glicemia); 97,7% de los programas refiere evaluar al paciente de manera integral con la inclusión de aspectos de actividad física y nutrición; sin embargo, se evidencia menor porcentaje de implementación del manejo del tabaquismo (45,5%), así como de programas de salud cardiovascular en la mujer (15,95%), prevención cardiovascular para la comunidad (18,2%), pruebas para detección de depresión (25%), apnea del sueño (0%) y caminata de seis minutos (65,9%). La principal barrera detectada en la atención de pacientes corresponde a la falta de remisión por parte del médico tratante (65,9%). CONCLUSIÓN: el desarrollo de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en el país debe evaluarse de acuerdo con las cifras de morbimortalidad cardiovascular, la estratificación del riesgo de los pacientes, el acceso al servicio y los resultados más relevantes de este estudio, por lo cual se hace necesario trabajar en la definición de las líneas de base de los requerimientos de los programas que favorezcan el trabajo y la aproximación interdisciplinaria e integral así como el cumplimiento de los objetivos, dando prioridad a la seguridad del paciente.


INTRODUCTION: cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries around the world, including Colombia. Thus, cardiovascular rehabilitation becomes a secondary prevention strategy with integral and cost-effective intervention for these patients. OBJECTIVE: to assess the current status of cardiac rehabilitation programs in Colombia. METHODS: a descriptive study, carried out through a written questionnaire, applied to the coordinator and/or responsible for each cardiac rehabilitation program in the country. RESULT ANALYSIS: 44 of 49 centers contacted answered the questionnaire. 88.6% of the programs belonging to the private network and 6.8% to the public; 75% work within a hospital or clinic and 25% are outpatient. Coronary heart disease is the main pathology that generates the referral of patients to cardiovascular rehabilitation centers. Human resources are variable in their shape, stay and activities within the program. All centers perform phase II, followed by stages III (84.1%), I (70.5%) and IV (45.5%). 58% of the programs always include diagnostic tests for conventional risk factors (total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and glucose), 97.7% of the programs referred to assess the patient in a holistic manner including aspects of nutrition and physical activity; however, a lower percentage of implementation of the management of smoking (45.5%), of cardiovascular health programs in women (15.95%), cardiovascular prevention for the community (18.2%), testing detection of depression (25%), sleep apnea (0%) and six minute walk (65.9%) was noticed. The main barrier identified in the care of patients corresponds to the lack of referral by the treating physician (65.9%). CONCLUSION: the development of cardiac rehabilitation programs in the country should be assessed according to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, risk stratification of patients, access to the service and the most important results of this study, thereby making necessary to work on defining the baselines of the requirements of the programs that encourage work and interdisciplinary and integral approach as well as the fulfillment of the objectives, giving priority to patient safety.


Subject(s)
Coronary Disease , Rehabilitation , Secondary Prevention
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