Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

There is disagreement regarding the indications of surgery for cases of severe aortic stenosis (AS) with a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and a low aortic pressure gradient (PG), since there is a high perioperative risk associated with this condition. Hence, we investigated the surgical outcome of AS cases with impaired left ventricular function. Our department performed 144 aortic valve replacements (AVRs) for cases of AS and AS-dominant mild regurgitation (ASr) between January 2000 and September 2005. Among these cases, 9 patients had an EF under 35%, and these patients were selected as subjects and compared with a control group with an EF of more than 35%. Patients with accompanying coronary artery diseases that required treatment were excluded to avoid confounding effects on cardiac function. The mean age of the 9 subjects (4 men and 5 women) was 67.8±10.8 years old, with a range from 53 to 80 years old, and the subjects had the following mean background data: EF, 34.4±0.5%; left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd), 57.3±5.8mm; left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), 49.3±5.7mm; interventricular septum thickness (IVSth), 11.9±1.9mm; and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWth), 11.1±2.6mm. Characteristics such as left ventricular dilatation and thinning of the left ventricle myocardium were noted in these data. The cases were classified as severe AS because the mean aortic valve area (AVA) was 0.58±0.2cm², but the peak aortic pressure gradient (peak PG) (65.2±32.7mmHg) in the 9 subjects was lower than that of the control group (97.0±65.2mmHg). All 9 subjects underwent aortic valve replacements (AVRs), with simultaneous mitral annuloplasty (MAP) in 3 cases, mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 1 case and performance of a Maze procedure in 1 case. No deaths occurred while the patients were in hospital. Postoperative complications included 2 cases of transient atrial fibrillation and 1 case of postoperative bleeding requiring rethoracotomy for hemostasis. The EF in the late postoperative period showed improvement in 8 cases and was unchanged in the remaining case; the mean postoperative EF was 56.9% for the 9 subjects. All cases were rated as improved based on the NYHA classification of cardiac performance, and the significant improvement in EF in 8 of the 9 cases suggests that surgery is safe and can improve prognosis for patients with advanced AS with myocardium thinning and decreased EF.

Injuries to Iliac Arteries Following Blunt Trauma of the Abdomen / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We present three cases of injured iliac arteries due to blunt abdominal trauma in traffic accidents. We performed emergency operations on these patients. Two of them received interposition of artificial prosthesis, and one received extraanatomical bypass. Fasciotomy was needed for compartment syndrome in 2 cases and one of them suffered a fractured pelvis with rupture of the ipsilateral femoral vein. One case was complicated with laceration of the mesentery. The postoperative course was almost uneventful in 2 cases but one died 8 days after operation because of subsequent multiple organ failure due to renal failure with necrosis of the small intestine of unknown cause. The diagnostic difficulties in such injuries depend on the existence of complications and different obstructive mechanisms from the penetrating injuries. Adequate and prompt diagnosis based on the clinically suspicious signs including weakness and discrepancy of the pulse are required.

Evaluation of Myocardial Protection and Postoperative Early Diastolic Function in Aortic Stenosis with Severe Concentric Hypertrophy / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Postoperative cardiac function and the occurrence of arrythmia depend upon myocardial protection during open heart surgery in severe concentric hypertrophy. The effect of myocardial protection was evaluated in terms of several released cardiac enzymes before and after reperfusion, and postoperative left ventricular (LV) cardiac function from cardiac pool scintigram in 21 cases with aortic stenosis (AS Group). These data were compared with 20 cases with aortic regurgitation (AR Group). Heart weight and aortic cross-clamping time were not significantly different in these two groups. The enzymatic values in peak total creatine-kinase (CK) and peak CK-MB fraction were higher in the AS group than in the AR group, and peak GOT was significantly elevated in the AS group (peak GOT: 93±32 in AS group, 64±17IU/<i>l</i> in the AR group, <i>p</i><0.01). Among the cases in the AS group, six cases with LV small cavity (LVDd<4cm) and severe concentric hypertrophy were associated with high values of released enzyme and the occurrence of ventricular arrythmia. Postoperative cardiac function was estimated from both systolic parameters such as LV ejection fraction (LVEF) or peak ejection rate (PER) and diastolic parameters such as peak filling rate (PFR) or early diastolic filling rate (1/3PFR). Postoperative LVEF and PER improved to normal control levels in the AS group with preoperatively depressed systolic function, although values were decreased in the AR group with impaired systolic function. The postoperative early diastolic peak filling rate did not recover to control levels in the AS group as well as the AR group, and was impaired in the AS group with severe concentric hypertrophy due to elevated chamber stiffness and the delay of time to peak filling rate. In severe concentric hypertrophy, we used several techniques for myocardial protection of terminal blood cardioplegia, and gradually increased reperfusion pressure and LV venting after reperfusion. Late results revealed a good clinical course in all 21 cases except for the occurrence of arrythmia in three.

Rare complications for aortitis syndrome / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Rare complications-1) Sarcoidosis, 2) Amyloidosis, 3) Phycomycosis-following surgical therapy for aortitis syndrome are reported. Sarcoidosis occurred in 39 y.o. female following Bentall operation for AAE and AR was diagnosed by biopsy and was controlled with drug completely 1 year after the onset. Amyloidosis found in 56 y. o. male after AVR and AAo plication for AAE and AR started with severe diarrhea and the diagnosis was made by autopsy. Phycomycosis was diagnosed by necropsy in 49 y. o. female after CABG and thoraco-abdominal bypass operation. Poor control of inflammation and administration of gluco-corticoid are the common problems for the 3 cases. Aortitis syndrome is autoimmune disease and some immunological factor has a role for the cause of the three complications. We must be very strict about the administration of the gludo-corticoid and the control of the inflammation.