ABSTRACT
Background: During pregnancy the placental mass maintains a dynamic relationship with the weight of developing fetus. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are strongly associated with fetal growth restriction, prematurity, contributing largely to perinatal mortality & morbidity. Objectives: A study of 120 placenta was done to find out morphometry & morphological changes of placenta of hypertensive mother in comparison to those of mother with uncomplicatedpregnancies. Methods: This study was carried out on sixty mothers with normal pregnancy and sixty mothers with hypertensive pregnancies. Results: Hypertensive pregnancies are associated with changes in morphometry and morphology ofplacenta including placental weight, diameter, thickness,surface area, volume, number of cotyledons all are decreased in hypertensive placenta. Fetoplacental ratio increases in hypertensive groups. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy adversely influence the morphology of placenta as well as they effect perinatal outcome
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem. It is associated with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that health and well being are adversely affected. With changing food habits and sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of obesity has increased.[3] In the 21stcentury, stress is a well known factor affecting health of an individual. Stress is one factor which may influence behaviors and health especially when an individual faces challenges that surpass his or her coping skills.[4] Aims and Objects: To find out prevalence of hypertension and environmental risk factor for hypertension in population under study. Methods: The present study was done on 300 medical students. All anthropometric parameters were taken and hypertensive riskfactors were measured. Results: BMI, WHR were deranged in 29.66%, 21.33%, subjects respectively. Obesity was significantly higher in 29.66% students. Students with the low levels and medium levels of stress were 56% and 38.6% respectively. Conclusion: High fat intake and sedentary life style were positively associated with high blood pressure among non professional students.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was to determine the distance between IOF and IOM, IOF and pyriform aperture,the presence of accessory foraminae, orientation and location in relation with teeth on both the sides. Materials and Methods: Fifty dried human skulls (100 sides) irrespective of age and sex were used for this study. The distance between the IOF and IOM and the distance between the IOF and pyriform aperture were measured by using manual vernier calliper. The orientation, location in relation with teeth and presence of accessory foramina were observed macroscopically. Observations and Discussion: Accessory foramina may give complications during anaesthetization of this region. The mean distance between the IOF and infraorbital margin was 22.6mm and 15.2mm on the left and right side respectively. Mean distance between I.O.F and pyriform aperture was 26.2mm and 25.8mm on the left and right side respectively. In 30% skulls the IOF were directed vertically downward on the right side and in 38% on the left side. In 66% downward medially on the right side and 56% on the left side and in4% skulls medially on the right side and 6% on the left side. The majority of IOF were oriented to second premolar teeth on the right side and between second premolar and first molar on the left side.Accessory foraminae were found in 6% of skulls. The results of our study may be helpful during surgical procedures in the maxillary region in reduction of Lefort fracture, and giving regional nerve block.