Anionic detergents in the red sea coastal water in front of Hurgada, Egypt

Hurghada suffered greatly from oil and domestic sewage discharge. The presence of detergents in the study area is an indicator for sewage pollution. The average regional concentrations of detergents ranged between 0.14 +/- 0.03 and 0.22 +/- 0.03 mg eq. LAS-1, 0.12 +/- 0.03 and 0.18 +/- 0.01 mg eq. LAS-1 surface and bottom water, respectively. The seasonal variations of detergents indicate that summer has the maximum content, while winter has the minimum concentrations. Frequency distribution of the concentrations of detergents indicates that about 24% of the total measured values are in the range of 0.16-0.18 mg eq. LAS-1. The statistical analysis indicates a highly negative correlation between detergents content and salinity in the investigated area

distribution and the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in Abu-Qir bay, Alexandria, Egypt

ABU-QIR bay receives continuous discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from three main sources, Nile water, El-Maadiya opening and El-Tabia pumping station. their seasonal variation during autumn ainter 1988. spring and summer 1989, the relationship and ratios between inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus are discussed. The nitrogen results show that ammonia the most abundant nitrogenous from [17.31%] followed by nitrate [13.68%] and the least is nitrite [1.45%]. Phosphorus distribution in the bay indicates that 53.5% of the TP is in the form of inorganic phosphorus and 46.5% is organic phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds reached their maximum in winter and their minimum in summer and spring. Total nitrogen/total phosphorus varies from 10 to 28 and NO[3]: PQ[4] ratios vary from 2 to 10

effect of anionic detergents on the standing crop of phytoplankton in El-Mex bay, Egypt

El-Mex Bay is a shallow estuary, lying west of Alexandria at longitude 29 degree sign 50E and latitude 31 degree sign 10 N. Its total area is about 20 km, and the water depth fluctuates between 1.5 and 15 meters. The bay receives large amounts of drainage water contaminated with sewage and industrial wastes from Umum Drain, which averages about 6.53 million: ubi.c meter per day. The annual average standing crop of phytoplankton at the surface water and near bottom layer reached 96,560 and 25,980 units/L respectively. Chlorophytes constituted about 54.7% of the total phytoplankton in the bay [average 33.805 cells/L] They were dominated by the genera Scenedesmus, Closterium and Chlorella. Diatoms ranked as the second important class with about 24.3% of the total phytoplankton [average 15,015 cells/L]. Euglenophytes [Euglena spp] appeared less frequent, while dinoflagellates and cyanophytes persisted as rare forms. The concentration of anionic detergents in the bay water ranged between 0.0 and 1.7 mg eq. LAS/L. About 98% of the samples analysed contained less than 0.8 mg eq. LAS/L of these detergents. Regarding the seasonal variations the surface water showed an outstanding peak of phytoplankton [257,630 units/L] during spring and it consisted mostly of green algae. This was accompanied by low concentration of detergents. Lower counts of phytoplankton were recorded in the other seasons. The same seasonal cycle was observed at the bottom water but with lower counts. The sharp drop of phytoplankton counts recorded in the summer was accompanied by rapid increase of detergent concentration to an average value of 0.64 mg eq. LAS/L. Such high concentrations of detergents beside theother environmental conditions prevailing the summer season, were the main factors negatively affecting phytoplankton production. The correlation coefficients between anionic detergents and total phytop lank ton, as well as between detergents and the | different classes of ph./tu plankton. were calculated. A positive correlation between both anionic detergents and phytoplan ton during spring was proved where r= 0.78. Also high positive correlations existed between both anionic detergents and diatoms in winter [r= 0.81] and spring [r= 0.83]. Green algae gave a good correlation during spring, summer and autumn [r= 0.81, 0.83 and 0.92 respectively] while blue green algae showed good correlations during spring [r= 0.87] and summer[r=0.7 It is concluded that anionic detergent concentrations recorded In El-Mex Bay are still not toxic to phytoplankton production

Un-ionized ammonia concentration in coastal waters of Alexandria, effect of pH, total ammonia and temperature

The concentration of un-ionized ammonia which is harmful to fish along Alexandria coastal water ranged between 0.15-0.92 U mol/L in El-Mt-x Bay and 0.23-3 U mol/L in the Eastern Harbour. El-Mex Bay has higher content of un-ionized ammonia than the Eastern Harbour due to a large amount of industrial and agricultural waste water discharged to the area [6 million m /day]. There is a strong negative correlation between un-ionized ammonia, total ammonia and pH values

distribution and seasonal variations of anionic detergents in Abu Qir bay

Abu Qir Bay is subjected to water contamination through Rosetta branch of the Nile, Lake Edku and El-Tabia pumping station. Wastes discharged into the bay contain anionic detergents used in different industries. A study has been carried out from October 1988 to August 1989. Three different patterns of distribution of anionic detergents were revealed. A description of these patterns and an explanation of the factors leading to their appearance are given