ABSTRACT
The term percutaneous absorption covers the entire process by which a drug applied to the outer surface of the skin is taken up into the systemic circulation. This requires penetration into the layers of the skin with subsequent permeation across each layer and finally uptake into the capillary blood vessels in the upper region of the dermis. It is necessary to consider both the structure of the membrane and the interactions of the three components – membrane, penetrant and vehicle to determine the physical and chemical factors which assist or hinder the process. Not all drug substances are suitable for transdermal delivery. Among the factors playing a part in percutaneous absorption are the physical and chemical properties of the drug, including its molecular weight, solubility, partition coefficient, dissociation constant (pKa), the nature of the carrier vehicle, and the condition of the skin. Although general statements applicable to all possible combinations of drug, vehicle, and skin condition are difficult to draw, most research findings were tried to summarize in this review article.
ABSTRACT
An isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic [HPLC] method with ultraviolet detection at 245 nm has been developed for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride in dosage formulation. Good chromatographic separation alfuzosin was achieved by using a stainless steel analytical column Inertsil ODS-3V [5microm, 15 cm x 0.46 cm]. The system was operated at ambient temperature [25 +/- 2°C] using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water: tetrahydrofuran: perchloricacid [250:740:10:1] at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The calibration curve for alfuzosin hydrochloride was linear over the tested concentration range of 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% with reference to the label claim and a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The intra- and inter-run precision and accuracy results were 98.07 to 100.34 with the%RSD of 0.71% and tailings factor 1.07. The proposed method was validated for its selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method was found to be suitable for the quality control of alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk drug as well as in formulation
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dosage Forms , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
The ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis [EEWC] belonging to the family of Asteraceae was evaluated by hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods to assess its analgesic activity. The extract was also evaluated for its by using on carrageenan, mediators such as histamine and serotonin induced paw oedema, and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests for its effect on acute and chronic phase inflammation models in rats, as well as analgesic activity in mice. It was found that the extract caused an inhibition on the writhing response induced by acetic acid in a dose dependent manner. Dose of 500 mg/kg EEWC and aspirin could block the writhing response by 51.92% and 68.68% [p < 0.001], respectively. It was also indicated that the EEWC showed significant antinociceptive action in hot plate reaction time method in mice. This effect was comparable to that of standard drug morphine treated controls, suggesting the central activity of EEWC. Maximum inhibition [56.14%] was obtained at the dose of 500 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas indomethacin [standard drug] produced 61.65% of inhibition. In the chronic model [cotton pellet induced granuloma] the EEWC [125,250 and 500 mg/kg] and standard drug showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 56.69,34.57,43.30% and 55.23% respectively. The results indicate the potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic efficacy of Wedelia chinensis extract on animal models which are comparable with those of standard drugs such as Aspirin, Morphine and Indomethacin respectively