The origin of profunda femoris artery in Thais.

This study was to investigate the variation patterns of the origin of profunda femoris artery (PFA) in terms of normal and variation patterns in human preserved cadavers. Two hundred and twenty four femoral triangles in human preserved cadavers were dissected. Sites of origins were identified. Diameter and distance of PFA were measured. We found that PFA was mostly originated from posterior site of femoral artery (FA) at a distance of 35 mm from midpoint of inguinal ligament. Compared between sexes and sides, these distances in females (31.54 mm) approved more proximally than those of males (37.68 mm) at p=0.017. Moreover, the distances on the left sides (33 mm) approved more proximally than the right sides (36.22 mm) at p=0.006. The average diameters of PFA were 5 mm, females (5 mm) were smaller than males (5.42 mm) with p=0.017. In conclusion, PFA that we found was originated from posterior site of FA and average distance of its origin was about 35 mm. Regarding undertaking operative or interventional procedures within the femoral region, this knowledge could be applied to prevent complication during surgical approach or percutaneous vascular access.

Anatomical variation course of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it exits the pelvis in Thais from the central region.

The aim of this study was to examine in detail the course and location of lateral femoral cetaneous nerve (LFCN) as it emerges from the pelvis in Thais. The anatomy of the LFCN was studied through the dissection of 107 halves of formalin-embalmed Thai cadavers ranging in age from 37 to 94 years. The LFCN is formed by the union of posterior divisions of ventral rami of the second and third lumbar spinal nerves (L2 – L3). The site at which the nerve exits the pelvis is quite variable. Depending on the anatomical location which varies from superficial and posterior, to medial and deep, to anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and origin of the sartorius muscle, five different types as identified by Aszman et all1 were confirmed : type A, posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine across the iliac crest (1.86%); type B, medial to the anterior superior iliac spine and ensheathed in the inguinal ligament (9.34%); type C, medial to the anterior superior iliac spine and ensheathed in the tendinous origin of the sartorius muscle (46.72%); type D, medial to the anterior superior iliac spine located in the interval between sartorius muscle and iliopsoas muscle deep to the inguinal ligament (40.18%); type E, medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, deep to the inguinal ligament, overlying the iliopsoas fascia, and contributing the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve (1.46%). The majority of the LFCN course and location as it exits the pelvis are type C (46.72%), and type D (40.18%). There is no statistical difference with regard to either gender or side of thigh.

The range of motion of normal hips in Thais.

The normal range of hip motion that used in medical therapy, are based on the data from western countries. The purpose of this study is to find out the normal angles of active range of motion of hip joints in Thais. Five hundred subjects were divided into three age groups : 25 – 39 years, 40 – 59 years and 60 – 69 years. The study was perfowed in the volunteers who had normal joint and had no symptom of hip pain for a period of six months prior to the study. The universal goniometer was used in measuring all directions of hip movement. The average degrees values of hip movements were : flexion = 111.91o, extension = 18.01o, abduction = 38.16o, adduction = 24.88o, medial rotation = 34.73o and lateral rotation = 34.94o. There was no significant differences of range of motions for hip extension, hip adduction and hip abduction between right and left hips (p > 0.05). Range of hip flexion and hip rotation were found significantly different between right and left hips (p < 0.05).

The anatomical study of the ratio of muscle belly length to the remaining length of tendon.

Electrode placement in electrotherapy in physical is very important. Two methods are commonly used, around motor point area or between the two ends of muscle belly. In order to get the best outcome from the stimulation, the approximation of the location of motor point which is about upper third has been presently used so far. The purpose of this study is to provide data base of the ratio between muscle belly length and the remaining length of tendon. The study was done in the muscle of both upper and lower extremities of cadavers. By using two methods of measurement: direct length between the origin-insertion and the actual along the course of muscle. It was found out there is no statistically significant differences.