ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco practice in relation with oral diseases is a foremost cause for the global oral disease burden and is accountable for up to 50% of all periodontitis cases among adults. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the local effects of various types of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health in tobacco pouch keratosis (TPK) patients in Mangalore city in the state of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A total of 345 TPK patients were evaluated of which all were smokeless tobacco users. All the patients were clinically examined for different clinical periodontal parameters such as stains, gingival recession (GR), periodontal pocket, furcation involvement, and mobility and local effects of various types of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health in TPK sites were recorded. Results: The prevalence of GR was of 87.5%. Haathichaap was the most common smokeless tobacco used (35.9%) closely followed by nonpackaged type (loose tobacco) (19.4%). This was followed by Madhu (14.2%). Likewise, periodontal parameters were observed more in these patients in decreasing order. Conclusion: The results of the present study agree strongly with other smokeless tobacco user studies in terms of the strong association between GR and smokeless tobacco placement. The present cross-sectional study indicates that TPK lesions are positively associated with periodontal diseases. It is important to raise awareness of both oral cancer and periodontal risks and inform about its possible health consequences thereby working towards an improvement of oral and general health and related quality of life in these patients
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dengue fever is the most common mosquitoborne viral illness in humans. Study was done to determinethe serum levels of pro -inflammatory cytokines (IL-6,IFgamma and TNF alpha) in patients with dengue infection andto determine the correlation of level of cytokine with diseaseseverity, platelet count and SGOT values.Material and methods: Preserved samples of patients withthe clinical features compatible with dengue infection andNSI antigen positivity admitted during the month of Mayand June 2016 in Pushpagiri Institute of Medical science andResearch Centre, Thiruvalla were analysed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IF gamma, and TNF alpha).Disease severity of Dengue patients was assessed from theclinical details obtained from medical records. Total samplesused in this study were 80 of which 49 were patients withdengue fever,11 were patients with severe dengue,10 werepatients with other febrile illness and 10 are from healthyindividuals.Results: The levels of all three cytokines were found to beelevated in the infected groups (dengue and severe dengue)when compared to the control groups (healthy and nondengue). The level of interleukin 6 and TNF alpha were foundto be significantly elevated (p value <0.05) in the severe formof dengue. However no statistically significant difference(p value <0.05) between the infected and control group wasfound in Interferon gamma although it showed an elevation inthe infected group. It was observed that all the three cytokinesshowed a negative correlation with platelet count.Conclusions: IL6 and TNF alpha correlated with diseaseseverity suggesting that these cytokines can be used as amarker to predict the severity of the disease. Thus, necessarytreatments and precaution can be taken in advance. TNFalpha correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia and IL6correlated with level of SGOT.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dengue fever is the most common mosquitoborne viral illness in humans. Study was done to determinethe serum levels of pro -inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFNgamma and TNF alpha) in patients with dengue infectionand to determine the correlation of level of cytokine withdisease severity, platelet count and SGOT values.Material and methods: Preserved samples of patients withthe clinical features compatible with dengue infection andNSI antigen positivity admitted during the month of Mayand June 2016 in Pushpagiri Institute of Medical science andResearch Centre, Thiruvalla were analysed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha).Disease severity of Dengue patients was assessed from theclinical details obtained from medical records. Total samplesused in this study were 80 of which 49 were patients withdengue fever,11 were patients with severe dengue,10 werepatients with other febrile illness and 10 are from healthyindividuals.Results: The levels of all three cytokines were found to beelevated in the infected groups (dengue and severe dengue)when compared to the control groups (healthy and nondengue). The level of interleukin 6 and TNF alpha were foundto be significantly elevated (p value <0.05) in the severe formof dengue. However no statistically significant difference(p value <0.05) between the infected and control group wasfound in Interferon gamma although it showed an elevation inthe infected group. It was observed that all the three cytokinesshowed a negative correlation with platelet count.Conclusions: IL6 and TNF alpha correlated with diseaseseverity suggesting that these cytokines can be used as amarker to predict the severity of the disease. Thus, necessarytreatments and precaution can be taken in advance. TNFalpha correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia and IL6correlated with level of SGOT.