Synthesis and antibacterial activity of D-glucosamine-fluoroquinolone derivatives / 药学学报

Based on the idea of modification of sugar drugs, or transforming other active substances with sugar molecules, sixteen D-glucosamine-fluoroquinolone (FQ) derivatives were designed by combining D-glucosamine with FQs and synthesized by a multi-step reaction with shared intermediates. The assay results of anti-human pathogenic bacteria and anti-citrus canker showed that the inhibitory activities of two target molecules TM2b and TM2d against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC14125 were stronger than those of all tested positive control drugs, and the inhibitory rates of target molecules TM2m and TM2n against citrus canker were higher than that of the positive control streptomycin at the concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 µg·mL-1, respectively, which all were worthy of further study. In this study, a series of novel molecules composed of D-glucosamine and FQs were synthesized for the first time, and super antibacterial molecules were found, which expanded the types and biological activities of D-glucosamine derivatives.

Demographic characteristics and associated influencing factors in treated patients with chronic hepatitis B with hypoviremia : a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics and clinical influencing factors which associates with the occurrence probability of persistent or intermittent hypoviremia (LLV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on patients with CHB who received outpatient NAs therapy for≥48 ± 2 weeks. According to the serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load at 48±2 weeks treatment, the study groups were divided into LLV (HBV DNA < 20 IU/ml and < 2 000 IU/ml) and MVR group (sustained virological response, HBV DNA < 20 IU/ml). Demographic characteristics and clinical data at the start of NAs treatment (considered as baseline) were retrospectively collected for both patient groups. The differences in the reduction of HBV DNA load during treatment was compared between the two groups. Correlation and multivariate analysis were further conducted to analyze the associated factors influencing the LLV occurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, c2 test, Spearman analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, or area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: A total of 509 cases were enrolled, with 189 and 320 in the LLV and MVR groups, respectively. Compared to patients with MVR group at baseline: (1) the demographics characteristics of patients showed that LLV group was younger in age (39.1 years, P = 0.027), had a stronger family history (60.3%, P = 0.001), 61.9% received ETV treatment, and higher proportion of compensated cirrhosis (20.6%, P = 0.025) at baseline; (2) the serum virological characteristics of patients showed that LLV group had higher HBV DNA load, qHBsAg level, qHBeAg level, HBeAg positive rate, and the proportion of genotype C HBV infection but decreased HBV DNA during treatment (P < 0.001) at baseline; (3) the biochemical characteristics of patients showed that LLV group had lower serum ALT levels (P = 0.007) at baseline; (4) the noninvasive fibrosis markers of patients showed that LLV group were characterized by high aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) (P = 0.02) and FIB-4 (P = 0.027) at baseline. HBV DNA, qHBsAg and qHBeAg were positively correlated with LLV occurrence (r = 0.559, 0.344, 0.435, respectively), while age and HBV DNA reduction were negatively correlated (r = -0.098, -0.876, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV treatment history, high HBV DNA load at baseline, high qHBsAg level, high qHBeAg level, HBeAg positive, low ALT and HBV DNA level were independent risk factors for patients with CHB who developed LLV with NAs treatment. Multivariate prediction model had a good predictive value for LLV occurrence [AUC 0.922 (95%CI: 0.897 ~ 0.946)]. Conclusion: In this study, 37.1% of CHB patients treated with first-line NAs has LLV. The formation of LLV is influenced by various factors. HBeAg positivity, genotype C HBV infection, high baseline HBV DNA load, high qHBsAg level, high qHBeAg level, high APRI or FIB-4 value, low baseline ALT level, reduced HBV DNA during treatment, concomitant family history, metabolic liver disease history, and age < 40 years old are potential risk factors for developing LLV in patients with CHB during the therapeutic process.

Clinical analysis of 39 patients with parapneumonic pleural effusion caused by streptococcus anginosus group / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, chest imaging manifestations, RAPID score and therapeutic situation in patients with parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) caused by streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), in order to provide help for the early diagnosis and treatment in clinical practices. Methods:The clinical data of 39 patients with PPE caused by SAG from January 2015 to May 2020 in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University and Jining First People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified by RAPID score.Results:Among 39 cases, males was in 31 cases (79.5%), females in 8 cases (20.5%), and aged 46 to 89 (65.31±10.53) years old. Fever was in 27 cases (69.2%), chest pain in 19 cases (48.7%), and dyspnea in 18 cases (46.2%). The chest CT findings showed consolidation shadows was in 30 cases (76.9%), encapsulated pleural effusion in 21 cases (53.8%), ground glass shadow in 18 cases (46.2%), nodules in 12 cases (30.8%), atelectasis in 8 cases (20.5%), and pneumothorax in 5 cases (12.8%). The complexity PPE was in 23 cases (59.0%), and empyema in 16 cases (41.0%). The microbiological culture results showed that streptococcus constellatus was detected in 25 cases (64.1%), streptococcus anginosus in 13 cases (33.3%), and streptococcus intermadius in 1 case (2.6%). After comprehensive treatment, 36 cases (92.3%) were improved, 3 cases (7.7%) died. According to the RAPID score, low-risk was in 13 cases (33.3%), intermediate-risk in 16 cases (41.0%), and high-risk in 10 cases (25.7%). The RAPID score in patients with low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk was (1.85 ± 0.38), (3.43 ± 0.51) and (5.30 ± 0.67) scores, and there was statistical difference ( F = 124.88, P<0.05). the length of stay in patients with low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk of RAPID score was (16.84 ± 5.57), (16.56 ± 7.05) and (28.20 ± 17.97) d, and there was statistical difference ( F = 4.41, P<0.05); the length of stay in patients with high-risk was significantly longer than that in patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05), there was no statistical difference between intermediate-risk patients and low-risk patients ( P>0.05). Conclusions:SAG, as important pathogens for the PPE, tends to induce CPPE and even pyopneumothorax. Clinical manifestations and imaging are not specific, which should be payed attention in clinical work. The patients with high-risk of RAPID score have more serious condition and worse prognosis.

The superior lateral genicular artery flap for reconstruction of knee and proximal leg defects

Reconstruction of defects around the knee region requires thin and pliable skin. The superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) flap provides an excellent alternative to muscle-based flaps. The anatomy and the surgical techniques of the SLGA flap were reviewed and the results of cases using the SLGA flap for coverage of knee and proximal leg defects were analyzed. SLGA flaps were performed in two cases and followed up for at least 6 months. Twelve articles on the use of the SLGA flap were also identified. A review of 39 cases showed that the mean diameter of the perforator supplying the skin of the flap was 1.04 mm, while the mean diameter of the SLGA at its origin was 1.78 mm. The mean length of the pedicle measured from the origin of the popliteal artery was 7.44 cm. The average dimensions of the flap were 14.8×6.6 cm with primary closure of the donor site in 61.5% of cases. Of these cases, 38.5% were due to trauma, 23.1% were post-burn complications, 12.8% were defects after resection of tumors, and 10.3% were for ulcers post-bursectomy. The most common complication was flap tip necrosis. All studies reported favorable outcomes with complete wound healing.

Role of P21 in Resistance of Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world with the highest incidence of deaths. In recent years, the treatment of lung cancer has made a significant breakthrough. However, as the tumor progresses, lung cancer cells inevitably acquire resistance and the efficacy of the treatment are greatly reduced. P21 protein plays a dual role in tumors, which not only regulates the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, but also protects cells against apoptosis and promotes tumor cell resistance. This article reviews the research on P21 and lung cancer resistance, to provide new ideas for individualized treatment of lung cancer and overcoming lung cancer resistance.

Effect and Mechanism of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and Pursed-lips Breathing on Serum TNF-α，IL-8，IL-6，IL-1β and Cys-C in Patients at Stable Stage of COPD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and pursed-lips breathing (PLB) on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β and serum cystatin C (Cys-C) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the stable stage. Method: Totally 120 cases of COPD treated at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to March 2018 conformed to the inclusion criteria, and were randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases). Cases of control group received Tiotropium (18 μg/time, qd). In addition to the therapy of control group, cases of treatment group were also given Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Percent of forced expiratory volume in one second in predicted value (FEV1%), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), six-minute walk distance (6MWD),TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and Cys-C were compared between both groups. Result: After treatment, the clinical efficacy rate of observation group was 93.33%, which was evidently higher than 86.67%of control group (Pa,IL-8, IL-6,IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (Pa, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (PConclusion: Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD by reducing levels of inflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-8,IL-6, IL-1β and chronic inflammation markers serum Cys-C and inflammatory reaction, and alleviating airflow obstruction, promoting the levels of FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, pulmonary function control inflammatory factors, so as to improve pulmonary function and the quality of life in patients with COPD.

Improvement of hydrogen on liver oxidative stress injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of hydrogen on liver injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats and the related oxidative stress mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(=8):the normoxia group (Norm), the chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH), the chronic intermittent hypoxia and hydrogen group (H + CIH). Rats in Norm group were exposed in air, those in the other 2 groups suffered from chronic intermittent hypoxia conditions for 5 weeks. Before the CIH treatment, rats in H+CIH group inhaled hydrogen gas at 67% concentration for 1 hour. The serum biochemical indicators of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine, liver enzyme and blood lipid were inspected after five weeks treatment, the pathological changes of liver tissue were also observed in the transmission electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#Compared with Norm group, the microstructure of liver cells was severely injured, and the serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT),glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were significantly higher in CIH group (<0.05); the serum level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) and interleukin-6(IL-6) was significantly higher, the serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower. Compared with CIH group, the pathology of liver microstructure were significantly improved and the serum levels of ALT, AST were significantly lower in H+CIH group (<0.05); the serum levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6 were significantly lower, the serum level of SOD was significantly higher. Compared with Norm group, the serum level of IL-1 was higher, the serum level of TC, TG, and low density lipoprotein(LDL) were lower, but there was no statistical difference with those in CIH group. There was no statistical difference in the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)among the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pre-treatment with hydrogen could improve the liver injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia, and reducing oxidative stress level for protecting the liver cells damage.

Effect of GnRHa controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on mouse embryo implantation and its mechanism / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on embryo implantation in mice. Forty female Kunming mice aged 9 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (control and COH groups). The COH group received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of aminocyclin acetate (GnRHa), human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), while the control group was given equal amount of physiological saline by i.p. injection. One male mouse and two female mice were put into the same cage at 16:00 on the hCG injection day, and on the fourth day of pregnancy, 10 mice from each group were killed. The levels of serum estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) were measured by radioimmunoassay; HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ovarian and endometrial tissues. The protein expression levels of endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and glycodelin A were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Ten mice from each group were sacrificed on the eighth day of pregnancy, and the status of the uterus and the average number of blastocysts were observed. The results showed that, compared with control group, the serum E level in COH group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the P level was increased significantly (P < 0.05); the ovarian follicles at different developmental stages were rare, corpus lutea (CL) were visible and multiple, the endometrium was thinned, and the number of endometrial glands was reduced (P < 0.05); the contents of LIF, p-STAT3, HB-EGF and glycodelin A in the endometrium were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on the fourth day of pregnancy; mouse blastocysts developed slowly and were decreased in number on the eighth day of pregnancy (P < 0.05). The above results suggest that GnRHa COH can affect embryo implantation in mice. The mechanism may be related to the imbalance of gonadal hormone, the changes in the structure of the endometrium and the expressions of LIF, p-STAT3, HB-EGF and glycodelin A in the implantation stage, which may lead to the decrease of endometrial receptivity and the abnormal dialogue between the embryo and the uterus.

TRPA1 channel mediates organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE We want to investigate the mechanism of organophosphate- induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and find appropriate therapeutic medicine. OPIDN, often leads to pares?thesias, ataxia and paralysis, occurs in the late-stage of acute poisoning or after repeated exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides or nerve agents, and may contribute to the Gulf War Syndrome. METHODS FDSS Ca2 +-influx assays, single-cell calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology were the major testing techniques. Transfected HEK293 cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to evaluate the effects of compounds. Wild type and trpa1 knockout mice and adult hyline brown hens were used to evaluate the neuropathological damages caused by the OPs. Transmission electron microscopy imaging was used to observe the nerve injuries ultrastructurally. High-throughput screen for TRPA1 inhibitors was accomplished by Ion Works Barracuda (IWB) automated electrophysiology assay. RESULTS TRPA1 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) channel mediates OPIDN. A variety of OPs, exemplified by malathion, activates TRPA1 but not other neuronal TRP channels. Malathion increases the intracellular calcium levels and upregulates the excitability of mouse DRG neurons in vitro. Mice with repeated exposures to malathion also develop local tissue nerve injuries and pain-related behaviors, which resembles the early symptoms of OPIDN. Both the neuropathological changes and the nocifensive behaviors can be attenuated by treatment of TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 or abolished by knockout of Trpa1 gene. In the classic hens OPIDN model, malathion causes nerve injuries and ataxia to a similar level as the positive inducer tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which also activates TRPA1 channel. Treatment with HC030031 reduces the damages caused by malathion or TOCP. Duloxetine and Ketotifen, two commercially available drugs exhibiting TRPA1 inhibitory activity, show neuroprotective effects against OPIDN and might be used in emergency situations. CONCLUSION TRPA1 is the major mediator of OPIDN and targeting TRPA1 is an effective way for the treatment of OPIDN.

Current treatment situation and progress on bone defect of collapsed tibial plateau fractures / 中国骨伤

Characteristics of collapsed tibial plateau fracture determines that the joint surface must remain anatomical reduction,line of force in tibial must exist and internal fixation must be strong. However, while renewing articular surface smoothness, surgeons have a lot of problems in dealing with bone defect under the joint surface. Current materials used for bone defect treatment include three categories: autologous bone, allograft bone and bone substitutes. Some scholars think that autologous bone grafts have a number of drawbacks, such as increasing trauma, prolonged operation time, the limited source, bone area bleeding,continuous pain, local infection and anesthesia,but most scholars believe that the autologous cancellous bone graft is still the golden standard. Allograft bone has the ability of bone conduction, but the existence of immune responses, the possibility of a virus infection, and the limited source of the allograft cannot meet the clinical demands. Likewise, bone substitutes have the problem that osteogenesis does not match with degradation in rates. Clinical doctors can meet the demand of the patient's bone graft according to patient's own situation and economic conditions.

Sanders II-III calcaneal fractures fixed with locking plate in elderly patients / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcomes of locking calcaneal plate in treating calcaneal fracture (Sanders II-III) in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2012 to December 2013, 23 elderly patients suffering from calcaneal fracture (Sanders II-III) were treated and followed up. There were 15 males and 8 females with the mean age of 68.5 years (range: 65-79 years). According to Sander's classification, 16 cases (16 feet) were type II fractures and 7 cases (7 feet) were type III fractures. Anteroposterior, lateral and axial views of X-ray were taken to detect the calcaneum. CT scan was done to assess the amount of comminution and articular depression. Radiological assessment was performed using Bohler's angle and Gissane's angle. Functional outcome was assessed using the Maryland foot score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 13.7 months on average (10-20 months). The mean time of bone union was 3.2 months (3-4 months). The mean time of complete weight bearing was 3.2 months (3.1-4.0 months). The soft tissue necrosis was found in 1 case. The mean Bohler's angle and Gissane's angle were 25.31° and 117.5°respectively. The overall excellent to good rate was 82.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Open reduction and internal fixation with locking calcaneal plate can obtain good functional outcome for Sanders II-III calcaneal fractures in elderly patients.</p>

Postoperative Low Absolute Lymphocyte Counts may Predict Poor Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Resection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) have been reported as one of worse prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ALCs on the outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC within the Milan criteria following liver resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of patients with HCC within the Milan criteria who received liver resection between January 2007 and June 2013 were reviewed, and perioperative ALCs were carefully monitored. All potential risk factors were statistically analyzed by uni- and multi-variate analyses. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal ALCs cut-off value to predict HCC recurrence after liver resection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 221 patients were enrolled in the current study. During the follow-up period, 106 patients experienced recurrence, and 38 patients died. Multivariate analysis suggested microvascular invasion (MVI), a tumor grade ≥2, and a low postoperative ALCs in the 1st postoperative month increased the incidence of postoperative recurrence, besides, MVI, intraoperative transfusion, and a low postoperative ALCs in the 1st postoperative month were associated with poor overall survival (OS). An ROC analysis showed that a cut-off value of 1.5 × 109/L for ALCs in the 1st postoperative month predicted postoperative recurrence. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS rates of patients with low postoperative ALCs were 34.5% and 64.8%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of patients with high postoperative ALC (58.5% for RFS and 86.5% for OS).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low ALCs in the 1st postoperative month may be associated with high recurrence incidence and poor OS for patients with HBV-related HCC within the Milan criteria after liver resection.</p>

Correlation between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and anxiety symptoms in patients with the first-episode generalized anxiety disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and anxiety symptoms in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder. Methods 48 patients diagnosed with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder according to ICD?10 criteria and 48 healthy sub?jects were recruited. Peripheral levels of IL?1, IL?2, IL?4, IL?5, IL?6, IL?8, IL?10, IL?12p70, GM?CSF and IFN?γ of both groups were evaluated by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ,and CRP was evalua?ted by immunoturbidimetric method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale( GAD?7) and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) were used to assess the levels of overall anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety. Results The levels of CRP ( ( 1. 19 ± 0. 80 ) mg/L vs ( 0. 68 ± 0. 70 ) mg/L, t=3. 31 ) , IL?1α( ( 70. 34 ± 3.60)pg/ml vs (16.94±3.42)pg/ml, t=74.50),IL?2((7.25±3.42)pg/ml vs (4.95±2.31)pg/ml, t=3.85), IL?4((102.02±73.14)pg/ml vs (75.55±32.78)pg/ml, t=2.29),IL?6((12.55±2.37)pg/ml vs (2.71±1.35) pg/ml, t=14.79),IL?8((44.64±16.21)pg/ml vs (35.69±11.70)pg/ml, t=3.10),IL?12((18.16±24.17) pg/ml vs (10.82±4.72)pg/ml, t=2.06),IFN?γ((23.32±15.52)pg/ml vs (16.48±6.80)pg/ml, t=2.79), GM?CSF((19.07±11.12)pg/ml vs (13.40±8.54)pg/ml, t=2.80) in patients with the first?episode general?ized anxiety disorder were significantly higher than normal controls(P<0.05) . Both SAI and TAI had signifi? cantly positive correlation with the levels of IL?1α, IL?2, IL?6, IL?8, IL?12, IFN?γ and GM?CSF ( r=0.24?0.76, P<0.05) . Conclusion The levels of some peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder are significantly increased,and they have positive correlation with gener?al anxiety,state anxiety and trait anxiety,which may suggest some immune system defects in the patients.

Can living donor liver transplantation offer similar outcomes to deceased donor liver transplantation using expanded selection criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma?

To compare the outcomes of living donor liver transplantation [LDLT] versus deceased donor liver transplantation [DDLT] for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] in different selection criteria. Data of patients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation between 2005 and 2013 at our center were reviewed. Clinical data of LDLT recipients and DDLT recipients were compared. The postoperative recurrence-free survival [RFS] rate and overall survival [OS] rate after LDLT versus DDLT were compared in the Milan recipients, the University of California, San Francisco [UCSF] recipients, the up-to-seven recipients, the Hangzhou recipients and the Chengdu recipients. Data of 255 patients were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Seventeen DDLT recipient and 9 LDLT recipients died during the perioperative period. Among the remaining 229 recipients [N[LDLT]=66, N[DDL]T=163], 96 patients met the Milan criteria, 123 recipients met the UCSF criteria, 135 patients met the up-to-seven criteria, 216 patients met the Hangzhou criteria, and 229 recipients met the Chengdu criteria. The overall RFS and OS rates of the Milan recipients, the UCSF recipients, the up-to-seven recipients, the Hangzhou recipients and the Chengdu recipients after LDLT and DDLT were all similar. Using well-studied selection criteria, LDLT offers similar outcomes to DDLT for patient with HCC, even using expanded selection criteria

Establishment of a rat model of autoimmune prostatitis with purified prostatic proteins / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a rat model of autoimmune prostatitis using purified prostatic proteins (PPP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of equal number to receive intramuscular injection of normal saline (normal control group) and PPP at 15 mg/ml (low-concentration group) and 80 mg/ml (high-concentration group). At 4 weeks after modeling, the rats were sacrificed for HE staining of the prostate tissue and examination of the inflammatory factors IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum, immunoglobulins IgA and IgM, and regulatory T cells Th1/Th2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three rats died in the high-concentration PPP group but none in the low-concentration PPP and normal control groups. Gross observation of the prostate showed increased volume and hard texture of the prostate in the two PPP groups, but no significant change in the normal controls. Pathological examination exhibited morphological damage to the prostatic tissue and inflammatory cellular infiltration in the experimental rats. The serum level of IL-8 was significantly higher in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups ([129.07 +/- 11.48] and [147.58 +/- 17.70] pg/ml) than in the control ([94.12 +/- 7.04] pg/ml) (P < 0.05), while that of IL-10 was remarkably lower in the former two groups ([227.14 +/- 18.19] and [187.14 +/- 16.32] pg/ml) than in the latter ([252.48 +/- 21.72] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IgA was markedly elevated in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups as compared with that in the control ([0.25 +/- 0.37] and [0.31 +/- 0.42] vs [0.19 +/- 0.14] mg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was that of IgM ([0.23 +/- 0.41] and [0.34 +/- 0.58 ] vs [0.17 +/- 0.33] mg/ml, P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of regulatory T cells Th1/Th2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both low and high concentrations of purified prostatic proteins can be used for the construction of autoimmune prostatitis models in rats, while low concentration is preferable for its advantages of lower mortality of the rats and inducement of more consistent manifestations of autoimmune prostatitis.</p>

Therapeutic efficacy of compound Xuanju capsule on autoimmune prostatitis in rats: an experimental study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Compound Xuanju Capsule (CXC) on autoimmune prostatitis in rat models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: blank control, low-concentration purified prostate protein (low-conc PPP), low-conc PPP + CXC treatment, high-concentration PPP (hi-con PPP), and hi-conc PPP + CXC treatment. Autoimmune prostatitis models were established by intragastric administration of PPP solution at 15 mg/ml (low concentration) and 80 mg/ml, respectively. At 30 days after modeling, the rats in the blank control and low-conc and hi-conc PPP model groups were treated with normal saline, and those in the other two groups with CXC at a daily dose of 0.068 g/ml. At 30, 45, and 60 days, all the animals were sacrificed for observation of pathological changes in the prostate tissue and determination of the levels of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in the serum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the PPP models, the hi-conc PPP + CXC group showed significantly reduced levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the serum at 45 days ([148.54 +/- 17.23] and [62.14 +/- 5.59] pg/ml vs [100.77 +/- 11.08] and [32.63 +/- 2.91] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([143.69 +/- 17.28] and [59.38 +/- 5.50] pg/mlvs [95.77 +/-10.53] and [29.63 +/- 2.66] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so did the low-cone PPP + CXC group at 45 days ([128.47 +/- 12.21] and [40.43 +/- 3.64] pg/ml vs [111.76 +/- 10.07] and [35.44 +/- 3.17] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([131.07 +/- 10.93] and [43.34 +/- 3.91] pg/ml vs [97.46 +/- 8.75] and [30.44 +/- 2.75] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IL-10 was remarkably elevated in the hi-cone PPP + CXC group as compared with that of the PPP models at 45 and 60 days ([189.14 +/- 16.78] and [184.14 +/- 15.89] pg/ml vs [230.48 +/- 29.96] and [248.48 +/- 31.03] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was it in low-cone PPP + CXC group ([223.14 +/- 17.87] and [224.14 +/- 17.93] pg/ml vs [231.42 +/- 23.18] and [249.42 +/- 24.97] pg/ml, P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed morphological damages to the prostate tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the model rats, but no obvious changes in the normal controls. At 15 days of treatment, the rats in the PPP + CXC group showed enlarged prostate glandular cavity, mild proliferation of epithelial cells, no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitial tissue, and a few visible fibrous tissues under the light microscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound Xuanju Capsule is efficacious on autoimmune prostatis in rats by reducing inflammatory changes in the prostate tissue and improving the expression of inflammatory factors.</p>

Analyzing risk factors for surgical site infection following Pilon fracture surgery / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the related risk factors for surgical site infection following Pilon fracture surgery. METH ODS: The data of 561 patients with Pilon fractures treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis at our institution's trauma centre were collected from January 2006 to December 2012. All the patients were divided into two groups: infection group and non-infection group. In the infection group, there were 23 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years old, with an average of (45.50±4.40) years old. In the non-infection group, there were 296 males and 232 females, ranging in age from 16 to 76 years old, with an average of (43.50±7.19) years old. The possible risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, diabetes, alcohol abuse, open fractures, compartment syndrome and operative time were studied. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk, factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infection rate of surgical site after Pilon fracture surgery was 5.88%. There were significant statistical differences between infection group and non-infection group in operative time, open fractures and compartment syndrome. However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that only operative time was significantly associated with surgical site infection (P=0.005, OR=44.92).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Operation time is an independent predictor for post-operative surgical site infection of Pilon fracture treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis. Though open fracture and compartment syndrome could increase the surgical site infection rate, they could not not be considered as independent predictors.</p>

Locking compression plate (LCP) combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for the treatment of Pilon fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical outcomes of locking compression plate (LCP) combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for the treatment of Pilon fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2009 to December 2012, Pilon fracture patients treated by LCP with MIPPO were retrospectively analyzed. All open fractures, pathologic fractures and those who had limb vascular disease or nerve injury were excluded. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, including 29 males and 9 females aged from 21 to 78 years old with an average of 48 years old. According to AO classification, 20 cases were type B, 18 cases were type C. Operative time, blood loss, reduction quality, time of fracture healing complications and postoperative ankle joint function were applied for evaluating clinical outcomes, AOFAS scoring were used for assessing postoperative clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 13 to 24 months (averaged 18 months). All patients obtained bone union without any plate failures or loss of fixation/reduction. One patient occurred superficial wound infection, and resolved with antibiotics and local wound care. Postoperative average AOFAS score was 81 (ranged 65 to 97).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LCP with MIPPO for Pilon fratcure has advantages of less invasion, fewer complications and satisfactory ankle function.</p>

Therapeutic efficacy of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule) on phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction: an experimental study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule, YJC) on penile erectile function and its action mechanisms in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number: blank control, daidzein, daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + low-dose YJC, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC. The rats in the blank control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline and those in the other groups with daidzein at the dose of 100 mg per kg per day for 30 days. Then the last five groups received additionally testosterone (4 mg per kg per day), sildenafil (2.5 mg per kg per day), low-dose YJC, (0.315 mg per kg per day), medium-dose YJC (0.63 mg per kg per day), and high-dose YJC (1. 26 mg per kg per day), respectively. At 0, 30 and 60 days of treatment, we observed the apomorphine-induced spontaneous erectile response and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum of the rats, recorded the number of penile erection and erectile incubation period, and determined the serum levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 30 days of treatment, the number of apomorphine-induced erections was decreased, the erectile incubation period prolonged, and the serum levels of T and LH reduced remarkably in all groups of rats (P < 0.05). Compared with the findings at 30 days, the number of penile erections was significantly decreased at 60 days in the daidzein group (1.39 ± 0.42 vs 2.67 ± 0.33, P < 0.05) and daidzein + low-dose YJC group (1.33 ± 0.49 vs 2.83 ± 0.61, P < 0.05); the erectile incubation period was markedly ex- tended ([16.33 ± 3.11] vs [8.50 ± 0.93] min and [15.50 ± 3.21] vs [8.63 ± 1.54] min, P < 0.05); and the serum levels of T ([5.34 ± 0.89] vs [1.24 ± 0.30] ng/ml and [5.28 ± 1.12] vs [2.07 ± 0.76] ng/ml, P < 0.05) and LH ([3.62 ± 0.37] vs [2.09 ± 0.12] ng/ml and [3.79 ± 0.28] vs [2.17 ± 0.33] ng/ml, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in the daidzein and daidzein + low-dose YJC groups, respectively. Pathological examination revealed slightly decreased cavernous sinuses and blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum of the rats in the daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC groups as compared with those in the blank control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-dose Yangjing Capsule is efficacious for the recovery of erectile function in rats, especially for phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction.</p>

Analysis of 163 rib fractures by imaging examination / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the applications of imaging examination on rib fracture sites in forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Features including the sites, numbers of the processed imaging examination and the first radiological technology at diagnosis in 56 cases of rib fractures from 163 injuries were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of the rib fractures within 14 days was 65.6%. The initial detection rate of anterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 76.2%, then 90.5% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 66.7% and 80.0%, respectively. The initial detec- tion rate of rib fracture in axillary section proceeded by X-ray was 27.6%, then 58.6% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 54.3% and 80.4%, respectively. The initial detection rate of posterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 63.6%, then 81.8% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 50.0% and 70.0%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#It is important to pay attention to the use of combined imaging examinations and the follow-up results. In the cases of suspicious for rib fracture in axillary section, CT examination is suggested in such false X-ray negative cases.