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Implantable collamer lens(ICL)and toric ICL(TICL)are clinically common types of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses, they are mainly used to correct high myopia and low-to-moderate myopia of eyes whose corneal conditions are not suitable for corneal laser surgery. Accurate preoperative measurement, safe intraoperative implantation and appropriate postoperative location of lenses are critical to ensure the outcome of ICL implantable, and the appearance of V4c ICL with a central hole ensures the safety of this surgery to a greater extent. However, the intraocular position of both ICL and TICL is not invariable. Some studies have shown that the vault has a trend of decreasing year by year after ICL surgery, but its reason is unknown. And spontaneous rotation may occur after the TICL surgery, thereby causing visual loss, which is one of the main causes of TICL replacement. And postoperative changes in the position of the central hole also need attention. In addition, the visual quality of the operated eye will change after ICL/TICL implantation, but whether the change of intraocular positions of implanted lenses will affect the postoperative visual quality is also a problem that needs to be paid attention to and explored. Therefore, this paper reviewed the postoperative changes in vault, TICL axis, position of the central hole and their causes, as well as the effects of these changes on postoperative visual quality, offering valuable clinical guidance for accurate preoperative selection of ICL/TICL and surgical design, so as to improve the effectiveness and stability of ICL implantation in correction of myopic refractive error.
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Objective:To investigate the distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infected children in Chongqing and the correlation of genotypes with gender, age and efficacy, and to provide a reasonable plan for Hp eradication in children in Chongqing. Methods:A prospective clinical cohort study was carried out on 156 children who were suspected of Hp infection and underwent gastroscopy in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March to July 2020. 13C-urea breath test ( 13C-UBT), rapid urease test (RUT) and histological examination were made for all the children included.Meanwhile, for Hp-positive children, the CYP2C19 genotypes were detected by using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-sequence-specific primer method, and their sensitivity to Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin was assessed.According to the genetic testing results, the CYP2C19 genotypes were divided into homozygous extensive metabolizer (HomEM), heterozygous extensive metabolizer (HetEM) and poor metabolizer (PM). The eradication outcomes of proton pump inhibitor combined with Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin (PAC) in different genotypes were observed.The measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed with the median ( M), and the enumeration data were represented by the rate or the constituent ratio.The Chi- square test was used for comparison between groups, and P<0.05 indicated statistically significant difference. Results:(1)A total of 102 children were Hp positive.Positive rates of 13C-UBT, RUT and histologic results were 97.1% (99/102), 99.0% (101/102), and 90.2% (92/102), respectively.(2)Among the 102 Hp-infected children HomEM accounted for 45.1% (46/102), HetEM for 41.2% (42/102), and PM for 13.7% (14/102). (3)There were 50 males and 52 females in 102 Hp-infected children.The age range was 3 years to 17 years and 9 months (median: 9 years and 7 months). There was no significant difference in the distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes between females and males and among children of different ages (all P>0.05). (4)In 87 cases treated with PAC regimen, 36 cases failed to eradicated Hp in the initial treatment, including 18 cases of HomEM, 15 cases of HetEM, and 3 cases of PM.Hp was eradicated successfully in 51 cases, including 21 cases of HomEM, 21 cases of HetEM and 9 cases of PM.There was no statistically significant difference in the Hp eradication efficacy among children with different CYP2C19 genotypes treated by the PAC regimen ( P>0.05). (5) Among the 87 children, 45 children were sensitive to Clarithromycin, and 37 of them achieved successful Hp eradication.About 42 children were resistant to Clarithromycin, and Hp eradication was fulfilled in 14 of them.There was a statistically significant difference in the Hp eradication efficacy among Clarithromycin-resistant children treated by PAC regimen ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The CYP2C19 genotypes have no correlation with gender, age and Hp eradication efficacy of PAC in children with Hp infection in Chongqing.
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The 13C-urea breath test is the most widely applied non-invasive test to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children.The fasting time, dose and formulation of labeled urea, type of test meal, time of breath collection, device to detect breath samples, cut-off value of exhaled 13CO 2/ 12CO 2 breath delta value and the interpretation of results have been modified to improve the accuracy.The 13C-urea breath test possesses a good perfor-mance in diagnosing Hp infection and evaluating the eradication of infection after treatment in children.However, the high false-positive results in young children are caused by oral flora, endogenous CO 2 and fixed dose of labeled urea.In addition, taking proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics and bismuth before test, low bacterial density and peptic ulcer bleeding will lead to false negative results.This study aims to review the influencing factors of 13C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Hp infection in children.
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BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) are important methods for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. Although bone cement has certain liquidity and vertebral fractures are often in different situations, bone cement leakage rate is still high. OBJECTIVE: Based on the theoretical discussion and clinical analysis, to study the theoretical causes of bone cement leakage and effective prevention methods. METHODS: A total of 162 cases (186 vertebrae) were treated with three methods of vertebroplasty. Group A: 64 cases with 78 vertebrae were treated with conventional cemented vertebroplasty; Group B: 57 cases with 65 vertebrae were treated with cemented vertebroplasty using cement pump; Group C: 41 cases with 43 vertebrae were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. The leakage of bone cement was observed in three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 186 vertebrae, postoperative bone cement leakage occurred in 25 vertebrae, with the leakage rate of 13% (25/186). Group A had bone cement leakage in 11 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (11/78). Group B had bone cement leakage in 8 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 12% (8/65). Group C had bone cement leakage in 6 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (6/43). There was no significant difference among the three groups in the leakage rate of bone cement (P > 0.05). That is to say, the causes of bone cement leakage are not completely controllable, and the leakage position has some randomness. Strict and careful imaging monitoring is an intuitive method to prevent bone cement leakage.
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BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) are important methods for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. Although bone cement has certain liquidity and vertebral fractures are often in different situations, bone cement leakage rate is still high. OBJECTIVE: Based on the theoretical discussion and clinical analysis, to study the theoretical causes of bone cement leakage and effective prevention methods. METHODS: A total of 162 cases (186 vertebrae) were treated with three methods of vertebroplasty. Group A: 64 cases with 78 vertebrae were treated with conventional cemented vertebroplasty; Group B: 57 cases with 65 vertebrae were treated with cemented vertebroplasty using cement pump; Group C: 41 cases with 43 vertebrae were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. The leakage of bone cement was observed in three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 186 vertebrae, postoperative bone cement leakage occurred in 25 vertebrae, with the leakage rate of 13% (25/186). Group A had bone cement leakage in 11 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (11/78). Group B had bone cement leakage in 8 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 12% (8/65). Group C had bone cement leakage in 6 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (6/43). There was no significant difference among the three groups in the leakage rate of bone cement (P > 0.05). That is to say, the causes of bone cement leakage are not completely controllable, and the leakage position has some randomness. Strict and careful imaging monitoring is an intuitive method to prevent bone cement leakage.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the morbidity, burdens caused and risk factors of injuries among children and to provide information for policy making on prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By PPS sampling method, we selected 28 000 households in Beijing and using a questionnaire developed by UNICEF, TASC and China CDC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity of child injury in Beijing was 2.25%, higher than that of adults (1.56%) with 6-9 year group the highest (2.83% ). The morbidity of boys was 3.04% higher than that of girls (1.37%). Among the 7 death cases, 3 were caused by injury(2 RTA, 1 drowning). The three leading causes of injuries were fall, animal bite and road traffic accident in children. Among children aged 0-5 years, fall, animal and burn/machine injuries were the leading causes. Among children aged 0-5 years, the leading causes were hurt by animals, fall and RTA with the leading causes as fall, sprain and RTA. The average medical cost of injury cases was 1617.57 Yuan. There were 3500 children (injured orphan) whose parents were injured leading to death or disability in Beijing in 2003.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Injury was the leading cause of child deaths in Beijing with children of 6-9 years old having the highest morbidity with RTA the most severe type of injuries in Beijing which affects both children and their parents.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Morbidity , Risk Factors , Wounds and Injuries , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to develop plans for effective intervention measures, prevalence and health-seeking behavior related to reproductive tract infection among floating married women of childbearing age in Fengtai district in Beijing were studied.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cross-sectional study was carried out. Two thousand and sixty-nine eligible women were randomly selected from strata based on their home provinces. From June to July 2001, the subjects were given face-to-face interview at the Fengtai family planning clinic in Beijing using standard questionnaire followed by gynecologic examination and laboratory tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty point three percent of the subjects were found to have reproductive tract infections (RTI) by laboratory tests. Prevalence rates of bacterial vaginosis, candida and trichomonas vaginitis were 22.2%, 4.9% and 2.1% respectively. Prevalence rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum and syphilis were 2.2%, 1.6%, 0.5% and 0.2% respectively. Of these infected women, only 43.1% (270/626) were symptomatic, and 61.5% (166/270) of these women with symptoms had sought treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared to other results in the literature, we found a relatively high prevalence of RTI in our study population. Only a small proportion of these infected women were symptomatic but only few of them sought treatment. We suggested that the provision of more family planning service and promotion of RTI knowledge to the floating women of childbearing age.</p>