ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the mechanism of kidney-replenishing herb in regulating the tolerance of fetal-maternal interface and the effect of IDO on modulating the phenotype of decidual NK cells. Methods: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase ( IDO) expression in villus tissues from normal pregnancies and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients was monitored by immunohisto-chemistry (IHC). IDO expression in HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with control or herb serum medium was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The influence of kidney-replenishing herb on modulating the phenotype of NK cells,CD16 and CD56 expression in peripheral NK cells co-cultured with control or herb serum medium in the presence or absence of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) treated HTR-8/Svneo cells were measured by FCM. Results: IDO expression was decreased in villus tissue of RSA patients compared to normal preg-nancies. Herb medium could increase the IDO expression of HTR-8/Svneo. Kidney-replenishing herb could enhance the regulatory function of trophoblasts on NK cells and further induce the immune tolerance at fetal-maternal interface in IDO dependent and independent manners. Conclusion: Kidney-replenishing herb can modulate the phenotype of peripheral NK cell by up-regulating IDO expression in trophoblasts and play a role in the treatment of RSA patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the change of endomucin(EMCN) expression in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its protective role in neurons apoptosis.Methods Fifty-six clean SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,including normal control group with intravitreal injection of normal saline,diabetes mellitus (DM) group with intravitreal injection of normal saline,EMCN transfection group with intravitreal injection of adenovirus associated virus(AAV)-EMCN and mCherry transfection group with intravitreal injection of AAV-mCherry,14 rats for each group.Intravitreal injection was performed 2 weeks before diabetes modeling.Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of EMCN and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt)/Akt.Flat-mounted retinas were performed to test the transfection efficiency.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to examine the morphology of retinal tissue.The expression of cleaved caspase-3 in retinas of rats was assayed by immunofluorescence.The retinal apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL.The use and care of the rats followed the ARVO Statement.Results The levels of fasting plasma glucose were significantly higher in the DM group,EMCN transfection group and mCherry transfection group than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.001).The expression of EMCN protein at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after modeling in the DM group were significantly lower than that in the normal control group (t=3.71,P＜0.05;t =10.09,P＜0.001).The mCherry transfection group was strongly expressed red fluorescence,the expression of EMCN was significantly lower in retinal tissue of DM group than that in the normal control group (t=13.67,P＜0.001).The expression of EMCN was notably upregulated in retinas of EMCN transfection group,comparing with that of DM group (t =3.18,P＜0.05).The expression of EMCN in mCherry transfection group was similar to that in the DM group (t =2.31,P=0.08).Initial morphologic degenerative changes were found in the DM group and mCherry transfection group,such as inter limiting membrane (ILM) was thicken,the number of RGCs was decreased,and the cells in outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) arranged irregularly.The histologic change of retinas in the EMCN transfection group was milder than that in the DM group.The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated in INL of DM group and mCherry transfection group,compared with that in the normal control group.Compared with the normal control group,the number of TUNEL-positive cells noticeably increased in the ONL of DM group and mCherry transfection group,and the number of TUNEL-positive cells markedly reduced in the EMCN transfection group.The relative expression of p-Akt/Akt was significantly lower in the retinal tissue of DM group than that in the normal control group (t =5.52,P＜0.01).However,the relative expression of p-Akt/Akt was notably upregulated in retinas of EMCN transfection group,compared with that in the DM group (t=3.14,P＜0.05).The relative expression of p-Akt/Akt in mCherry transfection group was similar to that in the DM group (t =0.81,P =0.46).Conclusions The overexpression of EMCN can protect diabetic retinas neurons from apoptosis,and its mechanism maybe associated with activation of Akt signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
To identify the pathogen of an outbreak of pneumouia in pig-farm,we used biochemical identification,pathoge nicity test in mice,PCR identification by 16S rRNA,and phylogenetic tree analysis for the identification.Results showed that the pathogen was an Achromobacter xylosoxidans with certain virulence and named TLSY-1.This TLSY-1 was the most simi lar to KF879922.1,and affinity rate were 99.9％ by homology analysis.This result identified that TLSY-1 is a new pneumonia pathogens in piglets.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Retinal edema is the major complication of retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy; it can damage visual function by influencing macular region. This study was to establish a rat retinal edema model and explore the related VEGF expression and observe the responses to anti-VEGF drugs in this model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat retinal edema model was established by inducing photochemical reaction using a 532 nm laser after the intravenous injection of Erythrosin B. Immediately after the laser treatment, models were given intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab or Conbercept to inhibit VEGF expression, and the changes of retinal thickness were measured. Retinal edema was observed using fundus photography (FP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluoresce in fundus angiography (FFA) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after intervention. The retinal VEGF expression was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting at each time point. The rat retinal edema model was also used to verify the function of anti-VEGF polypeptide ZY1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both retinal edema and vascular leakage were clearly observed at 1, 2 and 4 days after photochemical induction and the retinal thickness increased notably over the same period. The retinal VEGF expression peaked at day 1 and retina became thickening simultaneously. After the interventions, the VEGF expression of the Ranibizumab and Conbercept groups decreased at each time point compared to the edema group (26.90 ± 3.57 vs. 40.29 ± 6.68, F = 31.269 on day 1 and 22.36 ± 1.12 vs. 29.92 ± 0.93 F = 163.789 on day 2, both P < 0.01); the mean RT (278 ± 4 vs. 288 ± 3, F = 134.190 on day 1 and 274 ± 7 vs. 284 ± 6, F = 64.367 on day 2, both P < 0.05) and vascular leakage in these groups also decreased. The same results were observed in the ZY1 group, particularly at day 2 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This retinal edema model induced by a photochemical reaction is reliable and repeatable. Induced edema increases expression of VEGF. This model can be used to test new drugs.</p>