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Objective To establish a low density, high purity and high stability in vitro culture method of primary hippocampal neurons of fetal rats by co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells, so as to obtain higher purity and better vitality of primary hippocampal neurons disease. Methods The fetal rat hippocampal tissue was isolated from 16-18 days pregnant SD rats, then cut and digested by 0.125% trypsin. The obtained cell suspension was filtered by 200 mesh cell sieve, and then the obtained cell suspensions were then inoculated into the inner layer and outer ring of the culture plate in a surrounding form. They were co-cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% horse serum. After 4-6 hours of cell adhesion, the culture medium was changed to maintenance medium (Neurobasal+2% B27+0.5 mmol/L glutamine). Then the cell viability was detected with CCK-8 kit and the purity of hippocampal neurons was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Results Hippocampal neurons grew well and formed crisscross neural networks after 5 days. And it could survive for 3 weeks. The purity of hippocampal neurons was up to 98%. Conclusion The method of co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells can obtain high-purity, high activity, high survival rate, and high stability primary hippocampal neurons from fetal rats, which can provide certain experimental conditions for the study of hippocampal neuron related diseases in the nervous system and is worthy of promotion and application.
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Objective To investigate the effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) inhibitor HC067047 on anxiety-like behavior in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Totally 48 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (NS), model group (LPS) and drug intervention group (HC + LPS). Anxiety mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.83 mg/kg LPS. The HC + LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with HC067047 (10 mg/kg) 30 minutes before LPS injection, and the NS group and LPS group were injected with equal volume of normal saline. Open field test and social interaction experiments were used to detect anxiety-like behaviors in each group of mice; Immunohistochemical chemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of TRPV4, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the hippocampus. Results Immunohistochemical and Western blotting experiments showed that, compared with the NS group, the expression of TRPV4 in the hippocampus of the LPS group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.0001); In the open field test, compared with the NS group, the total distance (P < 0.0001), the distance in the central area (P<0.01) and the time of in the central area mice in the LPS group reduced significantly (P< 0.01). HC067047 intervention reversed the activities of LPS model mice total distance (P < 0.05), the distance of activities in the central area (P < 0.001) and the time of in the central area (P < 0.01); In the social interaction test, compared with the NS group, the interaction time the unfamiliar mice reduced significantly in LPS group (P<0.01), which was reversed by HC067047 treatment (P< 0.01); Western blotting detection revealed that the expression of hippocampal iNOS (P<0.05), nNOS (P < 0.001), and eNOS (P < 0.001) in the LPS group were significantly higher than the NS group, which reduced remarkably by HC067047 treatment (iNOS P < 0.05, nNOS P < 0.01 and eNOS P < 0.01). Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of TRPV4 can improve the anxiety-like behavior, and this process may be related to anti-oxidative stress.
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In this study, dexamethasone (DXMS) and captopril (CAP) were co-loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a surface coating of a phospholipid bilayer, and then the core-shell nanoparticles were modified with polyethylene glycol and integrin α8 antibody to obtain immunoliposome-nanoparticle hybrids (DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs). The role of nanoparticles on the renal targeting, anti-inflammatory effects, and macrophage differentiation were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of the nanoparticles was 115.9 ± 2.89 nm, and the core-shell structure could be observed under an electron microscope. The drug loading capacity of DXMS and CAP was 5.72% ± 0.37% and 7.51% ± 0.07%, respectively. The results of in vitro experiments showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce the secretion of specific cytokines and the mRNA expression of markers in M2-type macrophages, thus promoting the differentiation of M2-type macrophages in the direction of unpolarized macrophages. In vivo experiments in mice showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs had a significant renal targeting effect, which could restore the renal index, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in mice. Moreover, DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce both the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers in the kidney. All the animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan Agricultural University. In conclusion, renal-targeting DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could effectively regulate the polarization of macrophages and had an "anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrosis" therapeutic effect, providing a new strategy and basis for the targeted therapy of glomerulonephritis.
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SUMMARY: Despite the existence of a large amount of actin in the axons, the concentration F-actin was quite low in the myelinated axons and almost all the F-actin were located in the peripheries of the myelinated axons. Until now, the ultrastructural localization of F-actin has still not been reported in the myelinated axons, probably due to the lack of an appropriate detection method. In the present study, a phalloidin-based FITC-anti-FITC technique was adopted to investigate the subcellular localization of F-actin in the myelinated axons. By using this technique, F-actin is located in the outer and inner collars of myelinated cytoplasm surrounding the intermodal axon, the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, the paranodal terminal loops and the nodal microvilli. In addition, the satellite cell envelope, which encapsulates the axonal initial segment of the peripheral sensory neuron, was also demonstrated as an F-actin-enriched structure. This study provided a hitherto unreported ultrastructural view of the F-actin in the myelinated axons, which may assist in understanding the unique organization of axonal actin cytoskeleton.
RESUMEN: A pesar de la existencia de una gran cantidad de actina en los axones, la concentración de F-actina era bastante baja en los axones mielinizados y casi la totalidad de F-actina se localizaba en las periferias de los axones mielinizados. A la fecha aún no se ha reportado la localización ultraestructural de F-actina en los axones mielinizados, probablemente debido a la falta de un método de detección apropiado. En el presente estudio, se adoptó una técnica FITC-anti-FITC basada en faloidina para investigar la localización subcelular de F-actina en los axones mielinizados. Mediante el uso de esta técnica, la F-actina se localiza en los collares externo e interno del citoplasma mielinizado que rodea el axón intermodal, a las incisiones de Schmidt-Lanterman,a las asas terminales paranodales y a las microvellosidades nodales. Además, la envoltura de la célula satélite, que encapsula el segmento axonal inicial de la neurona sensorial periférica, también se demostró como una estructura enriquecida con F-actina. Este estudio proporcionó una vista ultraestructural de la F-actina en los axones mielinizados, que puede ayudar a comprender la organización única del citoesqueleto de actina axonal.
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Animals , Female , Rats , Axons/ultrastructure , Actins/ultrastructure , Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the clinical value of cardiac coronary artery tracking and freezing(SSF) in improving the quality of CT coronary images.@*Methods@#A total of 52 patients who underwent coronary angiography(CTA) scan from December 2015 to December 2017 in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhuhai were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups according to the heart rate of the patients.The heart rate in high heart rate group (24 cases) was>75 beats/min.The heart rate in low heart rate group(28 cases) was ≤75 beats/min.The two groups used the standard algorithm(STD) and SSF technique to reconstruct the image separately.The obtained images were obtained by multiple names.The diagnostician performed the analysis and scored the quality of the coronary image using the LiKert 5-point scoring system.The score of <3 points required CTA examination again to evaluate the value of SSF in improving CT coronary image quality.@*Results@#The STD and SSF image quality scores of the high heart rate group were (2.33±0.87)points and (3.99±0.82)points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-7.347, P<0.05). The STD and SSF image quality scores of the low heart rate group were (3.15±1.06)points and (4.23±0.65)points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-4.596, P<0.05). The STD and SSF image quality scores between the two groups had statistically significant differences (t=5.723, 7.386, all P<0.05). In the high heart rate group, the image quality scores reconstructed using SSF technique was increased by 71%, which in the low heart rate group was increased by 34%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=9.668, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#SSF algorithm can improve image quality of CTA, especially in patients with high heart rate.
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Curcumol, as an important component of Curcuma Rhizoma, has anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities, which has attracted more and more attentions in anti-tumor research area. The progress on the natural source, anti-tumor mechanism, structural modification, and anti-tumor evaluation of curcumol are reviewed in this paper, which will provide a novel strategy for its further structural optimization.
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Objective@#Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.@*Methods@#A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( @*Results@#Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks.@*Conclusion@#Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , COVID-19/virology , China/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical value of cardiac coronary artery tracking and freezing (SSF) in improving the quality of CT coronary images.Methods A total of 52 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CTA) scan from December 2015 to December 2017 in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhuhai were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups according to the heart rate of the patients .The heart rate in high heart rate group (24 cases) was＞75 beats／min.The heart rate in low heart rate group (28 cases) was ≤75 beats／min.The two groups used the standard algorithm ( STD) and SSF technique to reconstruct the image separately.The obtained images were obtained by multiple names.The diagnostician performed the analysis and scored the quality of the coronary image using the LiKert 5-point scoring system.The score of ＜3 points required CTA examination again to evaluate the value of SSF in improving CT coronary image quality.Results The STD and SSF image quality scores of the high heart rate group were (2.33 ±0.87)points and (3.99 ±0.82)points,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(t＝-7.347,P＜0.05).The STD and SSF image quality scores of the low heart rate group were (3.15 ±1.06)points and (4.23 ±0.65)points,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t＝-4.596,P＜0.05).The STD and SSF image quality scores between the two groups had statistically significant differ -ences (t＝5.723,7.386,all P＜0.05).In the high heart rate group,the image quality scores reconstructed using SSF technique was increased by 71%,which in the low heart rate group was increased by 34%,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝9.668, P ＜0.05).Conclusion SSF algorithm can improve image quality of CTA,especially in patients with high heart rate.
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The present study aims to analyze sperm concentration trends among young and healthy Chinese adults in Wuhan, Central China, from 2010 to 2015. Semen analysis data from 9357 participants were collected and analyzed using a general linear model and the Cochran-Armitage trend test. A significant decline was observed in sperm concentration (β [standard deviation]: -1.53 [0.16]; P < 0.001). In addition, a decline in sperm density was observed by stratifying student versus nonstudent sperm donors and by analyzing the year of birth or birth year cohort of the participants. Furthermore, the percentage of participants with sperm densities of over 40 × 106 ml-1 significantly decreased with year. Notably, a dramatic decline in sperm density was recorded over the first 5 years of study. This research reported a decline in sperm concentration among young adults in Wuhan, Central China, in 2010-2015.
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Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Aging , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Healthy Volunteers , Retrospective Studies , Semen Analysis , Sperm Count , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abnormal inflammatory condition of the pancreas and one of the most common acute abdominal diseases.The cause and pathophysiology of AP are complicated and the overall mortality rate is up to 5％-10％ while severe AP patients could suffer from even 20％-30％ mortality risks.Until now,the underlying pathogenesis of AP remains unclear and no effective specific treatment has been developed.Hence,a great number of experimental studies on AP pathogenesis and therapeutic methods by applying associated animal models have been undertaken around worldwide.Therefore,the aim of this article is to review about the selection of animal species and induction methods in main AP animal models and how to choose models for different AP etiologies.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of metformin intervention on insulin resistance during catch-up growth in mice with fetal growth restriction (FGR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse models of FGR were established by low protein diet feeding of the pregnant mice. Both the newborn female mice with FGR and normal control (NC) mice were randomized for feeding with a standard diet (SF) or a high-fat diet (HF) after weaning and treatment with gavage of either metformin or normal saline. The mice were examined for vaginal opening time and the estrous cycle at the age of 8 weeks. At the age of 12 weeks, 6 mice in anestrus from each group were fasted for 12 h for measurement of body weight, height, poundera index (PI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (Fins), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and the HOMA-IR was calculated. The reproductive capacity of female mice was assessed by mixing them with male mice at the ratio of 2:1. The 3 × 2 factorial analysis was conducted to determine the interactions between FGR, high-fat feeding and metformin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Factorial analysis showed that FGR and high-fat feeding had significant effects on the PI index, Fins, HOMA-IR, vaginal opening time, and AMH (P<0.05). Metformin significantly affected the factors related to high-fat feeding including weight, PI, FPG, Fins, HOMA-IR and estrous cycle (P<0.05) and the factors related to FGR with the exception of height and FSH (P<0.05). FGR significantly affected the factors tested except for body weight (P<0.05); high-fat feeding affected all the factors but the FSH (P<0.05); metformin affected all the factors but the height and FSH (P<0.05). In the female mice treated with saline, the pregnancy rates differed significantly between FGR mice with high-fat feeding and control mice with standard feeding, and between FGR mice with standard feeding and high-fat feeding (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FGR mice can present with delayed puberty with rare ovulation and adulthood insulin resistance, and high-fat feeding after birth can promote the catch-up growth of FGR mice. Metformin intervention is effective for improving insulin resistance and reproductive-endocrine disorders in FGR mice during catch-up growth.</p>
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Recently a new approach has been used to develop Parkinsonian monkeys with unilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP). However, this new method still has some shortcomings, which limits the potential application of MPTP-induced PD monkey models. In the present study, we aimed to develop a modified protocol to induce chronic Parkinsonian non-human primate model with low-dose MPPby bilateral intracerebroventricular injections. The induced time of PD model, model stability, phenotypes andTc-TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging of dopamine transporter were compared between unilateral and bilateral modeling groups. The results showed that PD symptoms in the bilateral modeling group were induced earlier, more serious, and lasted longer after the administration stage, compared with those of the unilateral modeling group. In the unilateral modeling group, radioactive uptake of the striatum was decreased significantly in the left side (MPPinjected side), but unaffected in the right side. While in the bilateral modeling group, the radioactive uptake of the bilateral striatum was declined dramatically and symmetrically. These results suggest that bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of MPPis superior to unilateral intracerebroventricular injection in establishing chronic Parkinsonian non-human primate model and may supply a better animal model for PD research.
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Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of the concentration in plasma of chlorogenic acid, new chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, gardenia component geniposide, shanzhiside, and genipin gentian diglucoside from Lonicerae Flos in Reduning Injection iv dripped in healthy human body. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects were iv infused of Reduning Injection with 2 ampoules, a total of 20 mL diluted with 5% glucose injection to 250 mL, iv injection time was set for 90 min, venous blood was measured at the different time points before, during, and after infusion, respectively. The conditions of determination for chlorogenic acid and other ingredients were as follows: Inertsil ODS-2 chromatographic column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase (acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid), rolling gas 137.9 kPa (20 psi), collision gas 56.16 kPa (8 psi), spray voltage -4 500 V. The LC-MS/MS conditions for determination of shanzhiside, geniposide and genipin gentian diglycoside were as follows: Ecosil C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase (methanol, 20 mmol/L ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid, and 10% methanol), rolling gas 96.53 kPa (14 psi), collision gas 56.16 kPa (8 psi), spray voltage 4 500 V. Results: The tmax of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid were 1.31, 1.38, and 144 h; Cmax were 1 241, 329 4, and 2 121 ng/mL; AUC0~t were 1 972, 5 351, and 3 596 ng·h/mL; MRT0~t were 0.708, 0.790, and 0.899 h; CL were 10.3, 385, and 5.73 L/h; Vd were 16.7, 766, and 10.7 L; t1/2 were 1.13, 1.36, and 1.27 h, respectively. The tmax of geniposide, shanzhiside, and genipin gentian diglucoside were 1.41, 1.47, and 1.47 h; Cmax were 4.49, 0.288, and 0.541 μg/mL; AUC0~t were 7.41, 0.671, and 1.22 μg·h/mL; MRT0~t were 0.856, 1.59, and 152 h; CL were 2.74, 30.0, and 16.6 L/h; Vd were 5.63, 60.9, and 35.2 L; t1/2 were 1.42, 1.42, and 1.47 h. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, and can be used for in vivo pharmacokinetic study on Reduning Injection.
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Objective To analyze the value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)in predicting axillary lymph node status by injection of fluorescence agent and methylene blue.Methods 156 breast cancer patients receiving surgery from Oct.2013 to Jun.2014 were studied and they were randomly divided into the experimental group(n =78) and the control group(n =78).The fluorescent agent combined with methylene blue and methylene blue were used respectively as tracers for SLNB.Axillary lymph nodes dissection was made during surgery and combined with pathology the status of sentinel lymph node(SLN) metastasis was distinguished between true negative,false negative,true positive,and false positive.Results A total of 164 SLNs were detected by the method of fluorescent agent combined with methylene blue with the detection rate of 97.44％.An average of 2.10 SLNs were detected for each patient.The accuracy rate was 97.44％,the sensitivity was 97.44％,the false negative rate and the false positive rate was 0％ and 0％.A total of 139 SLNs were detected by the method of methylene blue with the detection rate of 89.74％.An average of 1.78 SLNs were detected for each patient.The accuracy rate was 89.74％,the sensitivity was 89.74％,the false negative rate and the false positive rate was 10.26％ and 3.85％.There was statistical difference between the two groups in the average detection number and the false negative rate (P ＜ 0.05)while no statistical difference was found in the detection rate,accuracy,or sensitivity between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Fluorescent agent combined with methylene blue as tracer for lymph nodes has the advantages of higher detection rate and less trauma,which is worth of clinical application.
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Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the reception and recruitment of sperm donors in sperm banks in China, and solve the problem of insufficiency in sperm donation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed the recruitment of 1 145 men for sperm donation in the Human Sperm Bank of Hubei Province from September 2011 to April 2012, analyzed the reasons for those not included, and interviewed those included but unwilling to donate sperm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 1 145 recruits, 551 (48.12%) were students and 594 (51.88%) were other individuals. After the first semen screening, 503 (43.93%) quitted, including 202 students (36.66% of the students recruited) and 301 others (50.67% of the other individuals recruited). After the second semen screening, 432 (37.73%) were excluded, and another 45 (3.93%) excluded after laboratory examination, including 16 cases of mycoplasma positive. Totally, 165 recruits (14.41%) passed the semen screening and laboratory examination, but only 144 of them (87.27%) completed, while the other 21 (12.73%) failed to complete the whole donation process.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low rates of screening qualification and donation process completion are common problems in human sperm banks. The rate of qualified sperm donors can be increased and the operational cost of the human sperm bank can be reduced by enabling the recruits to accomplish the whole donation process. Explanation at the reception, later interview with the recruits, and donors' trust in the sperm bank play important roles in raising the completion rate of sperm donation process.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Semen , Sperm Banks , Tissue Donors , Psychology , Tissue and Organ ProcurementABSTRACT
Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , 1-Butanol , Chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fabaceae , Chemistry , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Sperm Motility , Spermatocidal Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Spermatozoa , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Brain iron deposition has been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD).The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of brain iron accumulation with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD by using quantitative MR relaxation rate R2' measurements.Fifteen patients with AD,15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls,and 30 healthy volunteers underwent 1.5T MR multi-echo T2 mapping and T2* mapping for the measurement of transverse relaxation rate R2'(R2'=R2*-R2).We statistically analyzed the R2' and iron concentrations of bilateral hippocampus (HP),parietal cortex (PC),frontal white matter (FWM),putamen (PU),caudate nucleus (CN),thalamus (TH),red nucleus (RN),substantia nigra (SN),and dentate nucleus (DN)of the cerebellum for the correlation with the severity of dementia.Two-tailed t-test,Student-Newman-Keuls test (ANOVA) and linear correlation test were used for statistical analysis.In 30 healthy volunteers,the R2' values of bilateral SN,RN,PU,CN,globus pallidus (GP),TH,and FWM were measured.The correlation with the postmortem iron concentration in normal adults was analyzed in order to establish a formula on the relationship between regional R2' and brain iron concentration.The iron concentration of regions of interest (ROI) in AD patients and controls was calculated by this formula and its correlation with the severity of AD was analyzed.Regional R2' was positively correlated with regional brain iron concentration in normal adults (r=0.977,P＜0.01).Iron concentrations in bilateral HP,PC,PU,CN,and DN of patients with AD were significantly higher than those of the controls (P＜0.05); Moreover,the brain iron concentrations,especially in parietal cortex and hippocampus at the early stage of AD,were positively correlated with the severity of patients' cognitive impairment (P＜0.05).The higher the R2' and iron concentrations were,the more severe the cognitive impairment was.Regional R2' and iron concentration in parietal cortex and hippocampus were positively correlated with the severity of AD patients' cognitive impairment,indicating that it may be used as a biomarker to evaluate the progression of AD.
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Hormone-independent prostate cancer (HIPC) is the end stage of prostate cancer, with a short median survival of 9-18 months for the patients. Two large phase III studies have demonstrated a survival advantage of docetaxel chemotherapy in HIPC patients. New combined protocols have been developed with promising results. These protocols propose a combination with docetaxel, chemotherapy, antiangiogenic agents, vaccine and biological drugs. This review focuses the progress achieved the combined therapies for HIPC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Biological Products , Therapeutic Uses , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Prostatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Taxoids , Therapeutic Uses , Vaccines , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study large-scale expansion of SD (Sprague-Dawley) rat's osteoblasts in suspension culture in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWVB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bioreactor rotation speeds were adjusted in the range of 0 to 20 rpm, which could provide low shear on the microcarriers around 1 dyn/cm2. The cells were isolated via sequential digestions of neonatal (less than 3 days old) SD rat calvaria. After the primary culture and several passages, the cells were seeded onto the microcarriers and cultivated in T-flask, spinner flask and RWVB respectively. During the culture period, the cells were counted and observed under the inverted microscope for morphology every 12 h. After 7 days, the cells were evaluated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for histological examination of the aggregates. Also, the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed. Moreover, von-Kossa staining and Alizarin Red S staining were carried out for mineralized nodule formation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that in RWVB, the cells could be expanded by more than ten times and they presented better morphology and vitality and stronger ability to form bones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The developed RWVB can provide the culture environment with a relatively low shear force and necessary three-dimensional (3D) interactions among cells and is suitable for osteopath expansion in vitro.</p>