ABSTRACT
Objective To study the incidence and risk factors of new foot ulcer among diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis.Methods This is a single-center prospective cohort study.Clinically-stable diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis in our renal division were recruited from January 2014 to June 2014.Baseline data including general information,biochemistry data,dialysis adequacy,the dorsalis pedis artery pulse,clinical symptoms of diabetic foot and ankle brachial index were recorded.All patients were followed till to Dec 31,2015.The outcomes consisted of new foot ulcer,amputation due to foot ulcer or gangrene,and lower limb vascular blood supply revascularization.Results Totally 108 patients were recruited and followed up the average time (17.7±5.6) months.Among 108 patients,16 cases had a history of diabetic foot ulcer,and 1 case had amputation.During the follow-up,11 cases (10.2％) had new foot ulcer,3 cases (2.8％) had amputation due to foot ulcers or gangrene,and 8 cases (7.4％) had lower limb vascular blood supply revascularization.A total of 13 cases (12％) had composite end points with 81.3 times/1000 patients of incidence.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models showed that the history of foot ulcer was the only independent risk factors for new foot ulcers-related composite end points.Conclusion The incidence of new foot ulcer-related composite end points was 12％,which could be independently predicted by the history of diabetic foot ulcer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the incidence and risk factors of new foot ulcer among diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis.Methods This is a single-center prospective cohort study.Clinically-stable diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis in our renal division were recruited from January 2014 to June 2014.Baseline data including general information,biochemistry data,dialysis adequacy,the dorsalis pedis artery pulse,clinical symptoms of diabetic foot and ankle brachial index were recorded.All patients were followed till to Dec 31,2015.The outcomes consisted of new foot ulcer,amputation due to foot ulcer or gangrene,and lower limb vascular blood supply revascularization.Results Totally 108 patients were recruited and followed up the average time (17.7±5.6) months.Among 108 patients,16 cases had a history of diabetic foot ulcer,and 1 case had amputation.During the follow-up,11 cases (10.2％) had new foot ulcer,3 cases (2.8％) had amputation due to foot ulcers or gangrene,and 8 cases (7.4％) had lower limb vascular blood supply revascularization.A total of 13 cases (12％) had composite end points with 81.3 times/1000 patients of incidence.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models showed that the history of foot ulcer was the only independent risk factors for new foot ulcers-related composite end points.Conclusion The incidence of new foot ulcer-related composite end points was 12％,which could be independently predicted by the history of diabetic foot ulcer.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Elsibucol is a metabolically stable derivative of probucol with the properties of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation. We want to explore the effect of elsibucol on abdominal aorta injury in hypercholesterolemia rabbits. Methods: A total of 45 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: Control group, the rabbits were fed by high cholesterol diet, Elsibucol group, the rabbits received high cholesterol diet with 1% elsibucol and Probucol group, the rabbits received high cholesterol diet with 1% probucol.n=15 in each group. All animals were treated for 2 weeks followed by the procedure of abdominal aortic balloon injury and then, drug therapy was continued for 10 weeks. The area and load of atherosclerosis in abdominal aorta were evaluated by IVUS, the amount of macrophages in plaque were observed by immunohistochemistry, mRNA and protein expressions of MCP-1, MMP-9 were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with Control group, Elsibucol group showed decreased blood LDL-C and oxidative stress, decreased amount of macrophages and lower expression of inlfammatory factors in atherosclerosis plaque, reduced plaque area and load, allP<0.01. Compared with Probucol group, Elsibucol group presented even lower plaque area and load, allP<0.01. Conclusion: Elsibucol inhibits the progress of atherosclerosis in experimental rabbits via regulating blood lipids, anti-inlfammation and anti-oxidation.
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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of C1q/ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 9 (CTRP9) in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL),and to explore its mechanism.Methods RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells were divided into three groups:the control group,the oxLDL group (treated with oxLDl) and the gCTRP9-oxLDL group (pretreated with recombinant globular domain of CTRP9 and stimulated by oxLDL).Foam cells were detected by oil red O staining.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1).In addition,the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nucleus proteins extraction were both determined.Results The relative levels of MCP-1 and NF-κB were increased in the oxLDL group as compared with the control group (1.66±0.09 vs.1.03±0.10,0.52±0.11 vs.1.03±0.06,both P＜0.05).The expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in gCTRP9+oxLDL group as compared with the oxLDL group (both P＜0.05).The expression level of NF κB p65 in nucleus 2 and 8 h after treatment was lower in the gCTRP9+oxLDL group than in the oxLDL group (1.03±0.06 vs.0.17±0.10,0.31±0.03,both P＜0.05).Conclusions oxLDL may induce the expressions of inflammatory cytokines of TNF α and MCP-1 in macrophage ceils.gCTRP9 pretreatment could reduce the oxLDL-induced pro inflammatory effect and nuclear factor κB translocation may be involved in this process,which suggests that gCTRP9 may play a protective role in anti inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis.