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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Osteoking （OK） on postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP）. MethodForty adult female mice were randomly divided into a sham operation （Sham） group， osteoporosis model （OVX） group， estradiol intervention （E2） group， and OK group， with 10 mice in each group. The modeling was completed by conventional back double incision ovariectomy， and the corresponding drugs were given one week later. After 12 weeks， the body mass and uterine index of mice were measured， and the pathological changes of bone tissue and the number of osteoclasts （OCs） were determined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining， respectively. Bone mineral density （BMD）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）， and bone volume fraction （BV/TV） were measured by microcomputed tomography （Micro-CT）. The maximum load of the femur was detected by a three-point bending test. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen （CTX-1） were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65）， phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha （IκBα）， phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 （NFATc1）， and proto-oncogene （c-Fos） were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of OCs-related specific genes matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， NFATc1， TRAP， cathepsin K （CTSK）， and c-Fos were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the Sham group， the uterine index decreased significantly in the OVX group， and the body mass （BMI） increased significantly. The structure of bone trabeculae was completely damaged， and the number of OCs increased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load decreased， while Tb.Sp was up-regulated. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were up-regulated. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were increased. The mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the OVX group， the body mass of the OK and E2 groups decreased， and the uterine index increased. The bone trabeculae increased， and the number of OCs decreased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load increased， while Tb.Sp decreased. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were decreased. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were decreased， and the mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionOK can inhibit the NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathway and reduce bone mass loss by reducing the level of inflammatory injury factors in PMOP mice， which is one of the mechanisms for treating PMOP.
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Objective@#To establish the method of detecting the concentrations of diphenylamine in air of workplace with high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) .@*Methods@#According to standards of methods for determining the chemical substances in workplace air, diphenylamine in the air was collected by glass fiber filter treated with sulfuric acid, then dissolved by methanol and determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-detector.@*Results@#There was a linear relationship within the range of 0-30.0 μg/ml, and regression equation was y=8425.6x-150.7, correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limit was 0.045 μg/ml. The lowest detected concentration was 0.030 mg/m3 (sampling volume 15 L) . The within-run precision was 2.41 ℅-3.02%, the between-run precision was 3.11%-4.45%. The desorption efficiencies was 97.8℅ and the sampling efficiencies were 100%. The samples in glass fiber filter could be stored for 7 d at room temperature.@*Conclusion@#The present method could meet with the requirements of Guide for establishing occupational health standards-Part 4 Determination methods of air chemicals in workplace and be feasible for determination of diphenylamine in workplace air.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trophocytes,in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Sixty-one pregnant women who were hospitalized in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University from January to December 2015 were recruited.Thirty-one women who were diagnosed as ICP were defined as the ICP group and 30 healthy pregnant women were defined as the control group.The localization and expression intensity of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) in placental tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique.Electronic microscope was used to observe ultra-microstructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocytes and cell line Swan71.Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in Swan 71 cell.Results (1) GRP-78 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.The protein expression of GRP-78 in placentas of the ICP group (13.2±2.4) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.8±1.3,P＜0.01).(2) The volume of endoplasmie reticulum did not increase and the microvilli developed well,with no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in the control group.In the ICP group,microvilli injury,endoplasmic reticulum edema were found;the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased,with dilation,vacuolation and significant degranulation.After treated with 100 μmol/L cholyglycine for 24 hours,universal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum were seen in the Swan71 cells.(3) In Swan71 cells,cholylglycine displayed a concentration-dependent up-regulation on the expression of GRP-78.The expressions of GRP-78 mRNA in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.17,2.17±0.16,5.47±0.36,5.65 ± 0.82,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 protein in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.04,1.17±0.15,1.33±0.13,1.73±0.13,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in 100 and 50 μ mol/L cholylglycine experimental group were significantly higher than 0 μmol/L (all P＜0.01).Conclusion The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum and the increased expression of GRP-78 in trophocytes indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress of trophocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ICP.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed at investigating and measuring the positional relationship between the long axis of the mandibular anterior teeth and the alveolar bone using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to provide reference data for implant treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From the CBCT image database, 150 cases of radiographic data were selected according to the inclusion criteria and then were divided into six groups: males' mandibular central incisors, males' mandibular lateral incisors, males' mandibular canines, females' mandibular central incisors, females' mandibular lateral incisors, and females' mandibular canines. The angle (β) formed by the long axis of the mandibular anterior teeth and the corresponding alveolar bone was measured and recorded. Based on the long axis of alveolar bone, if the teeth incline to the lingual side, the value of the angle (β) was positive; otherwise, the value was negative. The resultant data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The β of the mandibular central incisors presented a mean value of 4.77° (range: -8.17°-16.10°) for male subjects and 5.38° (range: -5.63°-12.93°) for female subjects. The β of the mandibular lateral incisors exhibited a mean value of 6.12° (range: -2.87°- 17.57°) for male subjects and 5.81° (range: -7.70°-15.70°) for female subjects. Finally, the β of the mandibular canines presented a mean value of 5.01° (range: -8.13°-17.67°) for male subjects and 6.21° (range: -7.70°-17.87°) for female subjects. The percentages of the β between -10° and 10° of males' mandibular incisors, mandibular lateral incisors, and mandibular canines were 87.34%, 80.67%, and 88.00%, respectively and those of females were 90.67%, 82.66%, and 82.66%, respectively. Whether male or female, the percentages of the β between -10° and 10° of the mandibular anterior teeth were more than 80%. The β that inclined to the lingual was not more than 20° and to the labial did not exceed 10°.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The long axis of the mandibular anterior teeth was almost consistent with the long axis of the alveolar bone. Therefore, the positional relationship could be referred to make reasonable implants treatment plan.</p>
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Objective To observe the effect of treating child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji. Methods A total of 100 children with anorexia were randomly recruited into a control group (40 cases)and a treatment group (60 cases). The control group was treated with Shibeigao ganule, and the treatment group was treated with Jianpichongji. Therapeutic effects between the two groups after the treatment were compared. Results The total effective rate was 90.0% and 77.5% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, showing statistical difference (P=0.035).Conclusion It was effective to treat child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji.