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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bio-crosslinker genipin pretreatment on type Ⅰ collagen mineralization. METHODS: Type Ⅰ collagen gels were prepared and pretreated with 0.5wt%genipin (experimental group) and deionized water (control group) for 2 h, respectively. The pretreated products were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Reconstituted collagen fibrils were pretreated with genipin or deionized water for 2 h and were mineralized for 4 h. The collagen density and mineralization degree were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed with ImageJ software. Then scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM were used to observe the mineralization of cross-linked demineralized dentin collagen. RESULTS FT-IR spectrum showed that the genipin was crosslinked with collagen. TEM observation and ImageJ results showed that after 4 h mineralization, the mineralization effect of 0.5wt% genipin group was significantly better than that of the control group[(73.3±5.3)%vs.(7.4±3.5)%,P<0.01]. TEM and SEM observation showed that the mineralization rate of type Ⅰ collagen and demineralized dentin pretreated with genipin were significantly faster than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that 0.5 wt% concentration of genipin can significantly promote the mineralization of type Ⅰ collagen.
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In recent years, some scholars have put forward the “ascending” pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease, especially in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). According to this theory, cholestatic liver disease develops from the bottom to the top of the anatomical structure over time. Primary or early lesions are usually located in the “downstream” bile duct, with a major cause of immune-mediated biliary necrotizing inflammatory injury. When cholestasis occurs, the toxic effect mediated by bile salt will lead to the injury in the “upstream” liver parenchyma. Therefore, bile toxicity is of great importance during disease progression. According to this theory of “ascending” pathophysiology, there are different locations and causes of the disease in different disease stages, and therefore, it is necessary to establish a staging system for cholestatic liver disease and use different drugs in different stages, in order to use the existing drugs in a more effective manner and give directions for new drug development. However, there are still no early biochemical markers for cholestatic liver disease, and current clinical work should focus on the search for biomarkers with strong specificity and high sensitivity.
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Recent studies have shown that complications of cirrhotic portal hypertension often involve multiple organs,which is called multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by some scholars.When muhiple organ failure occurs,there is a significant increase in patients'short-term death rate,and death rate is associated with the number of organs involved.This article briefly describes the physiopothologic mechanisms of portal hypertension and visceral vasodilation and summarizes the pathological changes of vital organs including the heart,lung,kidney,brain,and liver and related pathogenesis.At present,liver transplantation remains the most effective therapy,but it still has some shortcomings.It is pointed out that further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of action of each link in disease development,and more targets are needed in the future to prevent and treat multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatic fat deposition, and not caused by chronic heavy drinking and other liver damage factors. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is associated with environmental,genetic,immune and other various factors. Early diagnosis is helpful not only for distinguishing between simple non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),but also for grading the extent of NAFLD lesion and delaying its further development. This article reviewed the clinical research progress of non-invasive diagnosis and evaluation of NAFLD.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of albumin combination furosemide in treatment of eld cerebral hemorrhage patients,and provide evidence for clinical treatment of eld cerebral hemorrhage patients.Methods Two hundred eld cerebral hemorrhage patients were divided into control group (110 cases) and observation group (90 cases) by systematic sampling method.The two groups were given the monitor of vital signs,support of organ function,reduce of intracranial pressure and other conventional treatment,on the basis of which albumin (10 g,2 times/day) and furosemide (20 mg,intravenous injection) were given to observation group for 10 days.The levels of arterial blood lactate and vein serum C reactive protein (CRP) of 2 groups were compared at admission,treatment for 7 and 14 days.Moreover,the mortality rate of 2 groups at 14th day of treatment was also compared.Results There were no statistical differences in the condition of patients between the 2 groups at admission (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of arterial blood lactate of control group at treatment for 7 and 14 days were significantly higher than those of observation group [(2.56 ± 0.63) and (1.98 ± 0.65) mmol/L vs.(1.91 ± 0.70) and (1.28 ± 0.68) mmol/L],there were statistical differences between the 2 groups (P＜0.05).The levels of vein serum CRP of control group at treatment for 7 and 14 days were significantly higher than those of observation group [(120.02 ± 40.65) and (48.75 ± 30.11) mg/L vs.(60.52 ± 30.83) and (13.45 ± 6.02) mg/L],there were statistical differences between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate at 14th day of treatment of control group was significantly higher than that of observation group [22.73％ (25/110) vs.13.33％ (12/90)],there was statistical differences between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Albumin combination furosemide in treatment of eld cerebral hemorrhage patients can relieve the inflammatory reaction and decrease the mortality rate,it is expected to become the routine treatment in eld cerebral hemorrhage patients.
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Objective To compare the clinical effect of small bone flap craniotony and skull drill drainage in treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Ninety -eight patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were classified into group A and group B by random number table with 49 cases in each.Group A was used small bone flap craniotony,and group B was used skull drill drainage.The clinical effects between two groups were compared.Results The short-term total effective rate in group A was 83.7％(41/49 ),which was significantly higher than that in group B with 65.3％(32/49 )(P ＜ 0.05 ).The long-term good rate in group A was 55.1％(27/49),which was significantly higher than that in group B with 26.5％ (13/49) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Both the short-term and long-term effective rate of small bone flap craniotony for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage are better than skull drill drainage.