ABSTRACT
This study primarily focused on the systematic assessment of both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of docetaxel-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)2000-polycaprolactone (PCL)2600 micelles on hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). By using solvent evaporation method, PEG-PCL was chosen to prepare doxetaxel (DTX)-loaded mPEG-PCL micelles (DTX-PMs), with the purpose of eliminating side effects of the commercial formulation (Tween 80) and prolonging the blood circulation time. The prepared DTX-PMs had an average particle size of 25.19±2.36 nm, a zeta potential of 0.64±0.15 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.56±0.03, a drug loading of (8.72±1.05)%, and an encapsulation efficiency of (98.1±8.4)%. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated that DTX-PMs could effectively kill LNCap-C4-2B cells and show a dose- and time-dependent efficacy. The hemolysis test showed that DTX-PMs had less hemocytolysis than the commercial product of Duopafei®. A sustained in vitro release behavior and prolonged circulation time in blood vessels were observed in the DTX-PMs. Furthermore, when compared with Duopafei®, the DTX-PMs dramatically reduced the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and tumor growth of prostate tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo. In conclusion, the DTX-PMs can lower systemic side effects, improve anti-tumor activity with prolonged blood circulation time, and will bring an alternative to patients with HRPC.
ABSTRACT
This study primarily focused on the systematic assessment of both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of docetaxel-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)2000-polycaprolactone (PCL)2600 micelles on hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). By using solvent evaporation method, PEG-PCL was chosen to prepare doxetaxel (DTX)-loaded mPEG-PCL micelles (DTX-PMs), with the purpose of eliminating side effects of the commercial formulation (Tween 80) and prolonging the blood circulation time. The prepared DTX-PMs had an average particle size of 25.19±2.36 nm, a zeta potential of 0.64±0.15 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.56±0.03, a drug loading of (8.72±1.05)%, and an encapsulation efficiency of (98.1±8.4)%. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated that DTX-PMs could effectively kill LNCap-C4-2B cells and show a dose- and time-dependent efficacy. The hemolysis test showed that DTX-PMs had less hemocytolysis than the commercial product of Duopafei®. A sustained in vitro release behavior and prolonged circulation time in blood vessels were observed in the DTX-PMs. Furthermore, when compared with Duopafei®, the DTX-PMs dramatically reduced the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and tumor growth of prostate tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo. In conclusion, the DTX-PMs can lower systemic side effects, improve anti-tumor activity with prolonged blood circulation time, and will bring an alternative to patients with HRPC.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacology , Area Under Curve , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Guinea Pigs , Hemolysis , Mice, Nude , Micelles , Particle Size , Polyesters , Chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols , Chemistry , Prostatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Taxoids , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Burden , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the treatment of urethral stricture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 1 case of long anterior urethral stricture treated by urethroplasty with pedunculated preputial flap and testicular tunica vaginalis, and summarized the treatment of the disease with review of the relevant literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was smooth and successful, and no such complications as fistula and urethral stricture were found during the follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urethroplasty with pedunculated preputial flap and testicular tunica vaginalis as a substitute is feasible for the treatment of urethral stricture. The key to a successful operation is the proper choice of a urethral substitute.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Foreskin , Transplantation , Skin Transplantation , Surgical Flaps , Testis , Urethral Stricture , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in primary prostate cancer and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expressions of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assay in tissues of 40 prostate cancer and 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>COX-2 and VEGF levels in prostate cancer were much higher than those in BPH. The degrees of cancer malignancy and invasion positively correlated with the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF. COX-2 level positively correlated with VEGF level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormal expression of COX-2 plays an important role in the development of primary prostate cancer. COX-2 and VEGF are good molecular markers of prostate cancer which are hopeful to be used for the assistant diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis of prostate cancer.</p>