Ligustrazine Promoted the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Up-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expressions / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of ligustrazine on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMSCs were in vitro isolated and cultured using whole bone marrow adherent method, and phenotypes [surface positive antigens (CD29 and CD90) and negative antigens (CD34 and CD45)] identified using flow cytometry. BMSCs were divided into the blank control group, 25, 50, 100 µmol/L ligustrazine group, and the GM6001 group (100 µmol/L ligustrazine +MMPs inhibitor GM6001 ). The migration of BMSCs was tested by Transwell chamber test and wound healing assay after treated with ligustrazine for 24 h. The protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The third passage BMSCs grew well in uniform morphology. The expression rate of CD29, CD90, CD34, and CD45 was 96.9%, 97.3%, 0.2%, and 3.0%, respectively. Compared with the blank control group, the number of migrated cells and relative distance of cell invasion increased, and the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were elevated in each ligustrazine group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with 100 µmol/L ligustrazine group, the number of migrated cells and relative distance of cell invasion decreased in 25 and 50 µmol/L ligustrazine groups and the GM6001 group (P < 0.01). Protein expression of MMP-2 decreased in 25 and 50 µmol/L ligustrazine groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ligustrazine could promote the migration of BMSCs in vitro, and its mechanism might be related to up-regulating expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein.</p>

Kinematic analysis of a posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The goal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to restore knee kinematics. Knee prosthesis design plays a very important role in successful restoration. Here, kinematics models of normal and prosthetic knees were created and validated using previously published data.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of a healthy, anticorrosive female cadaver were used to establish a model of the entire lower limbs, including the femur, tibia, patella, fibula, distal femur cartilage, and medial and lateral menisci, as well as the anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments. The data from the three-dimensional models of the normal knee joint and a posterior-stabilized (PS) knee prosthesis were imported into finite element analysis software to create the final kinematic model of the TKA prosthesis, which was then validated by comparison with a previous study. The displacement of the medial/lateral femur and the internal rotation angle of the tibia were analyzed during 0-135° flexion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the output data trends and the measured values derived from the normal knee's kinematics model were very close to the results reported in a previous in vivo study, suggesting that this model can be used for further analyses. The PS knee prosthesis underwent an abnormal forward displacement compared with the normal knee and has insufficient, or insufficiently aggressive, "rollback" compared with the lateral femur of the normal knee. In addition, a certain degree of reverse rotation occurs during flexion of the PS knee prosthesis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There were still several differences between the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis and a normal knee, suggesting room for improving the design of the PS knee prosthesis. The abnormal kinematics during early flexion shows that the design of the articular surface played a vital role in improving the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis.</p>

Buyang Huanwu decoction promotes neuroblast migration from subventricular zone via inducing angiogenesis after ischemia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) inducing angiogenesis on the neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone and its mechanisms after focal cerebral ischemia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to mice for 30 minutes to establish the model. The rats were divided into sham group, model group, BYHWD group and endostatin group. BYHWD (20 g x kg(-1), ig) and endostatin (10 μg, sc) were administered 24 h after ischemia once a day for consecutively 14 days. At 14 d after ischemia, the density of micro-vessel and the number of neuroblasts in the ischemia border zone were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression of cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, BYHWD significantly increased the density of micro-vessel and the number of DCX positive cells in the ischemia border zone (P < 0.01), and significantly increased the SDF-1 and BDNF mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). Compared with BYHWD group, endostatin significantly reduced the density of micro-vessel and the number of DCX positive cells in the ischemia border zone (P < 0.01), as well as the SDF-1, BDNF mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BYHWD could promote the neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone via inducing angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia, the mechanism may be correlated with up-regulating the expression of SDF-1 and BDNF.</p>

Central tendon splitting combined with SutureBridge double-row technique as a surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy should be considered when a variety of conservative measures fail. To achieve a satisfactory outcome, thorough debridement of the Achilles tendon is critical, besides excision of the bursitis and the calcaneal exostosis. Central tendon-splitting provides straightforward access to the calcified or degenerative tissue within the Achilles tendon. For Achilles tendon reconstruction if detachment is present, several surgical techniques have been reported. Controversy surrounds the technique can provide maximum security for reattachment of the Achilles tendon. The SutureBridge double-row construct, initially used in rotator cuff repair, is probably a good choice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten consecutive patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy underwent tendon reattachment using the SutureBridge technique through a central tendon-splitting approach. We retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcomes, which included pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), postoperative Maryland Foot Score (MFS), postoperative range of motion of the affected ankle, and related complications. Follow-up was performed in the outpatient department.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One patient was lost to follow-up. Nine patients (two male and seven female; 12 feet) were reviewed with a minimum follow-up of six months (range 6-30 months). The postoperative VAS pain scores were markedly lower than the preoperative scores. Postoperative MFS was 92.1±8.0 (range 74-100). No intra- or postoperative complications were found, except for one case of delayed healing incision. At last follow-up, all affected ankles achieved their normal range of motion, and patients were able to resume daily activities without any assistive device.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although a randomized control trial with a larger sample may be necessary to compare the central tendon-splitting combined with the SutureBridge technique with other techniques, our results confirmed that it was a promising alternative for treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy.</p>

Clinical outcome of surgical treatment of terrible triad of elbow / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical treatment of the posterior dislocation of the elbow with coroniod and radial head fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2004 to March 2009, 9 patients with terrible triad of the elbow were reviewed. There were 7 males and 2 females (4 left elbows and 5 right elbows), with an average age of 41.2 years, ranged from 21 to 67 years. The radial head fractures were classified according to the Schatzker-Tile criteria: 4 patients had the fractures of type I, 3 patients had type II and 2 patients had type III. The ulnar coronoid fractures were classified according to the Regan-Morrey criteria: 2 patients had the fractures of type I, 5 patients had type II and 2 patients had type III. The general approach was used to repair the damaged structures sequentially from deep to superficial, through coronoid, anterior capsule, radial head, and lateral ligament complex to common extensor origin. If there was valgus instability in the elbow after the operation, the medial collateral ligament should be repaired with nonabsorption sutures. The plaster was applied for 7 to 10 days with elbow flexion in 90 degrees and the forearm in full pronation. Unrestricted motions and rehabilitation began at the 8th week after operation. Recovery of regular occupation depended on the degree of physical activity required, and it typically took 3 months for heavy physical laborers to return to work.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 5 years, with a mean duration of (31 +/- 6) months. At the 3rd month after operation, the mean rang of motion in flexion and extension of the elbow was (102 +/- 3) degrees (ranged from 80 degrees to 110 degrees), and the mean range of motion in pronation and supination of the forearm was (135 +/- 6) degrees (100 degrees to 150 degrees). According to the criteria of the Mayo scoreing system, the results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case. Three patients had heterotopic ossification at the 6th month after operation. Among them, 2 patients had no effects on elbow function and were not treated, 1 patient had effects on flexion-extension of the elbow and was treated with resection of heterotopic ossification through lateral approach combined with early rehabilitation, the MEP score of the patient improved from fair to good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The key points for treating the terrible triad of the elbow are to restore the elbow normal anatomy and early rehabilitation to avoid the elbow stiff.</p>