Pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: A total of 193 patients(210 eyes)with MTM were retrospectively included, of which 74 eyes(35.2%)underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling. The patients were categorized into three groups: foveal detachment(FD), foveoschisis(FS)and lamellar macular hole(LMH). Based on the central foveal thickness(CFT)at baseline(M0), eyes with FD were classified into two subgroups: extensive FD and limited FD. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CFT, posterior staphyloma height(PSH), the presence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)and ILM detachment. Risk factors for BCVA at 6mo after vitrectomy(M6)were analyzed using linear regression.RESULTS: At M0, ERM was highly present in eyes with LMH(rs=0.28, P<0.001). Eyes with FD and FS were characterized by higher incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P<0.001). After vitrectomy, CFT and BCVA significantly improved in all eyes(P<0.001). Eyes with extensive FD were characterized by a thicker CFT(rs=0.56, P<0.001), a lower incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P=0.034)and a thicker nasal PSH(rs=0.27, P=0.024)than eyes with limited FD. Eyes with extensive FD were associated with a worse BCVA at M0(P=0.013)and M6(P=0.030)than eyes with limited FD. Extensive FD(β=-0.295, P=0.042)and BCVA at M0(β=0.669, P<0.001)were risk factors for a worse BCVA at M6.CONCLUSION: There are several pathogenetic mechanisms in MTM. ILM detachment may exert a dominant role in the development of FD and FS, while ERM may have a role in LMH. Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling improved functional and anatomical outcomes in MTM patients. Eyes with extensive FD may carry a poor prognosis.

The neuroprotective effects of Lutongkeli in traumatic brain injury rats by anti-apoptosis mechanism

Purpose: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Lutongkeli (LTKL) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and detect the related mechanism. Methods: TBI model was established with LTKL administration (2 and 4 g/kg/d, p.o.). Motor function of rats was examined by Rotarod test. Nissl staining was used to show neuron morphology. Furthermore, the disease-medicine common targets were obtained with the network pharmacology and analyzed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Lastly, the predicted targets were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After LTKL administration, neural behavior was significantly improved, and the number of spared neurons in brain was largely increased. Moreover, 68 bioactive compounds were identified, corresponding to 148 LTKL targets; 2,855 genes were closely associated with TBI, of which 87 overlapped with the LTKL targets and were considered to be therapeutically relevant. Functional enrichment analysis suggested LTKL exerted its pharmacological effects in TBI by modulating multiple pathways including apoptosis, inflammation, etc. Lastly, we found LTKL administration could increase the mRNA level of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of Bax and caspase-3. Conclusions: This study reported the neuroprotective effect of LTKL against TBI is accompanied with anti-apoptosis mechanism, which provides a scientific explanation for the clinical application of LTKL in the treatment of TBI.

Selection of timing and prognostic factors for chest radiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the selection of timing and prognostic factors of thoracic radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 143 patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer who were treated with platinum-based etoposide chemotherapy combined with non-synchronized thoracic radiotherapy from October 2014 to September 2016 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.According to the timing of chest radiotherapy, they were divided into early radiotherapy group (71 cases after 2-3 cycles of chemotherapy) and 72 cases of late radiotherapy group (starting chest radiotherapy after 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy). Survival analysis, Log-rank test and Cox regression model were performed by Kaplan-Meier method for single factor and multi-factor analysis.Results:The median follow-up time of 143 patients was 24.0 months.Univariate analysis of patients' prognosis showed that there were significant differences in age, smoking, prophylactic brain irradiation, curative effect of initial chemotherapy and timing of chest radiotherapy (all P< 0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that smoking (95% CI: 1.068-2.557, P=0.024), prophylactic brain irradiation (95% CI: 0.348-0.955, P=0.033), initial chemotherapy effect (95% CI: 0.175-0.498, P<0.001), timing of chest radiotherapy (95% CI: 0.377-0.930, P=0.023) were independent factors affecting the total survival period.The results of grouping analysis showed that the total survival time and progression free survival time (PFS) of patients in different time of chest radiotherapy were significantly higher in the early radiotherapy group than in the late radiotherapy group ( P<0.05). Comparison of the total survival time and PFS of patients with different initial chemotherapy effects: the cumulative total survival time and progression free survival time of stable patients with different radiotherapy opportunities were 18.00 months and 14.00 months ( P=0.017) in the early radiotherapy group and late radiotherapy group, and the median progression free survival time was 8.00 and 7.90 months ( P=0.533). The median overall survival time was 26.00 months and 22.00 months, respectively ( P=0.010), and the median progression free survival time was 19.00 months and 17.00 months, respectively ( P=0.030). Conclusion:For patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer who have been treated with platinum plus etoposide chemotherapy combined with non-synchronized thoracic radiotherapy, no matter how effective the initial chemotherapy is, chest radiotherapy should be started as soon as possible.

Preformulation study of hydroxytyrosol butyrate / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To determine the apparent oil/water(O/W)partition coefficient of hydroxytyrosol butyrate(HT-Bu), and investigate the solubility, dissolution tendency and stability of HT-Bu in different buffers, so as to provide theoretical basis for the preparation research of HT-Bu. Methods: The appearance and solubility of HT-Bu were investigated, and a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established for the quantitative determination of HT-Bu. The solubility and O/W partition coefficient of HT-Bu in different pH buffer solutions were determined by the shakeing flask method. Results: HT-Bu was slightly yellow-colored, viscous, odorless and tasteless oily liquid. The quantitative HPLC method for the HT-Bu determination showed a good linearity within the concentration range of 5-50 μg/ml(r=0.9998). The apparent O/W partition coefficient of HT-Bu was 1.0. In the acetonitrilewater(60:40, V/V) solution, HT-Bu was stable within 12 hours at room temperature. In the different pH buffer solutions(pH 2.0-9.0), the solubility of HT-Bu increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the solution pH. HT-Bu was unstable at pH 5.5, with a large amount decomposed after kept in the solution for 6 h. HT-Bu was stable at pH 8, 0 giving a little amount decomposed after 12 h in the solution, and stable at pH 7.4 showing no significant decomposition after 12 h keeping in the solution. Conclusion: HT-Bu showed a good water solubility, which is unstable in acidic and alkaline solutions.

Oral isotretinoin for treating mucocutaneous human papillomavirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Some viral warts are refractory to treatment, some others tend to recur. Oral isotretinoin is useful against warts to varying degrees. Objective: To determine the efficacy of oral isotretinoin for treating mucocutaneous human papillomavirus infections. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from the date of inception of the databases to December 30, 2017 were conducted. Randomized controlled trials or case series with ≥10 patients with mucocutaneous human papillomavirus infection who had received oral isotretinoin treatment were analyzed. The meta-analysis estimated the pooled odds ratio and pooled response rate. Results: The review included eight studies. Trials of oral isotretinoin versus placebo treatment revealed that isotretinoin effectively treated mucocutaneous human papillomavirus infections (odds ratio: 43.8, 95% confidence interval: 9.7–198.8). The pooled estimate of the complete response rate of oral isotretinoin to mucocutaneous human papillomavirus was 67.7% (95% confidence interval: 49.5–81.7%). Another pooled estimation revealed that 83.9% (95% confidence interval: 59.7–94.9%) of patients exhibited at least 50% lesion clearance, whereas 12.3% with complete response experienced recurrence. Limitations: This meta-analysis had a small sample size and high inter-study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Oral isotretinoin is superior to placebo for treating mucocutaneous human papillomavirus infections, particularly plane warts. The recurrence rate and risk of severe side effects are low.

Brain-Derived Glia Maturation Factor β Participates in Lung Injury Induced by Acute Cerebral Ischemia by Increasing ROS in Endothelial Cells / 神经科学通报·英文版

Brain damage can cause lung injury. To explore the mechanism underlying the lung injury induced by acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We focused on glia maturation factor β (GMFB) based on quantitative analysis of the global rat serum proteome. Polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence revealed that GMFB was over-expressed in astrocytes in the brains of rats subjected to MCAO. We cultured rat primary astrocytes and confirmed that GMFB was also up-regulated in primary astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We subjected the primary astrocytes to Gmfb RNA interference before OGD and collected the conditioned medium (CM) after OGD. We then used the CM to culture pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) acquired in advance and assessed their status. The viability of the PMVECs improved significantly when Gmfb was blocked. Moreover, ELISA assays revealed an elevation in GMFB concentration in the medium after OGD. Cell cultures containing recombinant GMFB showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a deterioration in the state of the cells. In conclusion, GMFB is up-regulated in astrocytes after ACI, and brain-derived GMFB damages PMVECs by increasing reactive oxygen species. GMFB might thus be an initiator of the lung injury induced by ACI.

Effects of inhaling vehicle exhaust on lung microbiome in mice / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To observe the changes of hmg tissue and lung microbiome in mice after inhalation of vehicle exhaust,and to assess the impact of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust on the respiratory system of the population.Methods· Ten C57BL/6 mice were divided into experimental group and control group randomly.Experimental group was inflicted with continuous exposure to automobile exhaust for 5 d (1 h/d),while the control group was exposed to clean air.After a 5-day of environmental exposure,the lung microbial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and the structure of the lung tissue was assessed by histological analysis.Results· There was no significant difference in pathological changes of lung tissue between the experimental group and the control group.However,there were significant differences in the composition and abundance of bacteria in the experimental and control groups.At the phylum level,comparing with the control group the Firmicutes was significantly increased in the experimental group,while the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced.At the genus level,the increase of the Firmicutes was mainly related to the increase of the Coprococcus.The reduction of the Bacteroidetes was related to the reduction of Cytophaga while the reduction of the Proteobacteria was related to three main strains namely Ochrobactrum,Methylobacterium and Acinetobacter.Amycolatopsis was also reduced significantly.Conclusion-Short-term exposure to vehicle exhaust conditions changes the species composition and abundance of lung microbiome in mice,but no lung tissue lesions were observed.

Effects of 17-AAG on neurons apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in neurons apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R).Methods Primary rat neurons were cultivated in vitro,and OGD/R model was reproduced.Neurons were exposed to OGD for 0.5h,1h and 2h,and then reperfusion for 24h,the effect of OGD/R on neurons apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.On OGD/R,neurons were treated with different concentrations of 17-AAG (0.5,1.0 and 2.0μmol/L),and the effect of 17-AAG on OGD/R treated neurons apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70).HSP70 interference lentivirus was then constructed.The effect of HSP70 interference on the neurons apoptosis treated with OGD/R and 17-AAG was detected by TUNEL assay.Results OGD/R significantly induced neurons apoptosis,and the rate of neurons apoptosis increased with the increase of OGD time.17-AAG obviously inhibited the neurons apoptosis induced by OGD/R,and the higher the 17-AAG concentration,the more obvious the inhibition.OGD/R significantly suppressed the expression of HSP70 protein in neurons,and 17-AAG obviously reversed the inhibition of HSP70 protein expression induced by OGD/R.However,HSP70 lentivirus interference markedly reversed the protective effect of 17-AAG on OGD/R treated neurons.Conclusion 17-AAG may inhibit the apoptosis of OGD/R treated neurons by up-regulating HSP70.

Monitoring intra-abdominal pressure to assist enteral nutrition supporting treatment for patients with high risk of IAH/ACS / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To evaluate the practical application of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring product in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN) and with high risk of intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome (IAH/ACS).Methods:Patients receiving EN treatment from Changzheng hospital were randomly divided as experimental group (measuring IAP with pressure monitoring product,n =60) and control group (measuring IAP with conventional method,n =60).The clinical data of gastrointestinal complications,gastric residual volume,IAP and completion of target infusions were collected and analyzed.Results:The incidence of gastrointestinal complications in experimental group patients significantly decreased comparing with the control group patients (7.92％ vs 28.33％,P ＜ 0.01).The levels of gastric residual volume and IAP in experimental group patients were lower than those in control group patients[(50.12 ± 10.66) ml vs.(101.54 ± 25.81) ml,(7.17 ± 1.84) cmH2O vs (12.36 ± 2.51) cmH2O,P ＜0.05].Moreover,The experimental group patients had a shorter period to achieve target infusions and higher proportion of completion treatments [88.3％ vs 71.7％,(2.94 ± 0.78)d vs (3.78 ± 1.02)d,P ＜ 0.05)].Conclusion:As utilizing pressure monitoring products to assist EN treatment for patients with high risk of IAH/ACS could achieve lower incidence of gastrointestinal complications,excellent EN tolerance,and improve target feeding,its clinical application should be extended.

Differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions using texture analysis of conventional MRI:a preliminary study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of texture analysis derived from conventional MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods Thirty-six patients with malignant breast lesion and 33 patients with benign breast lesion were retrospectively analyzed in our study. All patients underwent conventional MR imaging including axial T1WI, T2WI, and contrast-enhanced T1WI before surgery. Texture features were calculated from manually drawn ROIs by using MaZda software. The feature selection methods included mutual information (MI), Fishers coefficient, classification error probability combined with average correlation coefficients (POE + ACC) and the combination of the above three methods(FPM). These methods were used to identify the most significant texture features in discriminating benign breast lesion from malignant breast lesion. The statistical methods including raw data analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used to distinguish malignant breast lesion from benign breast lesion. The results were shown by misclassification rate. Results In the three kinds of sequences, the texture features for differentiating malignant breast lesion and benign breast lesion were mainly from T2WI which had the lowest misclassification rate 4.35%(3/69). The misclassification rates of the feature selection methods were similar in MI, Fisher coefficient and POE+ACC (15.94%to 56.52%for MI;17.39%to 56.52%for Fisher coefficient and 17.39%to 56.52%for POE+ACC). However, the misclassification rate of the combination of the three methods (4.35%to 53.62%for FPM) was lower than that of any other kind of method. In the statistical methods, NDA (4.35% to 27.54%) had lower misclassification rate than RDA (33.33% to 56.52%), PCA (33.33% to 53.62%) and LDA (15.94% to 44.93%). Conclusion Texture analysis of conventional MR imaging can provide reliably objective basis for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.

Effect of Herba Lycopodii Alcohol Extracted Granule Combined Methylprednisolone on Expression Levels of BDNF and NMDA and Behavior of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study different effects of Herba Lycopodii (HL) Alcohol Extracted Granule combined methylprednisolone on behavioral changes, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the HL treatment group, the methylprednisolone treatment group, the HL + methylprednisolone treatment group. Rats in the HL treatment group were intragastrically administered with HL at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 successive days. Rats in the methylprednisolone treatment group were intramuscularly injected with 50 mg/kg methylprednisolone within 8 h after spinal cord contusion, and then the dose of methylprednisolone was reduced for 10 mg/kg for 5 successive days. Rats in the HL + methylprednisolone treatment group received the two methods used for the aforesaid two groups. Basso Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score (for hindlimb motor functions) were assessed at day 0, 3, 7, and 28 after operation. At day 13 after SCI, injured spinal T8-10 was taken from 8 rats of each group and stored in liquid nitrogen. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor affinity (Kd) and the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) were determined using [3H]MK-801 radioactive ligand assay. Rats' injured spinal cords were taken for immunohistochemical assay at day 28 after SCI. Expression levels of BDNF in the ventral and dorsal horn of the spinal cord were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-operation group, the number of BDNF positive neurons in the ventral and dorsal horn of the spinal cord increased in the model group, Bmax increased (470 ± 34), Kd decreased, and BBB scores decreased at day 3 -28 (all P <0. 05). Compared with the SCI model group, the number of BDNF positive neurons and Kd increased, BBB scores at day 3 -28 increased (P <0. 05) in each medicated group. Bmax was (660 ± 15) in the methylprednisolone treatment group, (646 ± 25) in the HL treatment group, and (510 ± 21) in the HL +methylprednisolone treatment group (P <0. 05). Compared with the methylprednisolone treatment group, the number of BDNF positive neurons and Kd increased, BBB scores at day 7 -28 increased, and Bmax decreased in the HL treatment group and the HL + methylprednisolone treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compard with the HL treatment group, the number of BDNF positive neurons and Kd increased, and Bmax decreased (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HL could effectively improve motor functions of handlimbs, increase expression levels of BDNF in the spinal cord, and lessen secondary injury by affecting spinal levels of NMDA receptors. It showed certain therapeutic and protective roles in treating SCI. Its effect was better than that of methylprednisolone with synergism.</p>

Kallikrein-binding protein promotes axonal regeneration and protect rat retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of kallikrein-binding protein (KPB) in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and promoting axonal regeneration following optical nerve injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Crush injury of the optic nerve at 0.5-1.0 mm from the eyeball was induced in rats, which received subsequent KBP injection into the vitreous cavity (experimental group) and PBS injection (control group). At 7, 14 and 21 days after the injury, the rats were sacrificed and frozen sections of the eyeball were prepared to observe the structure and thickness of the retina and count the number of survival RGCs with HE staining. The optic nerves were collected for Western blotting to assess the effect of KBP on the RGCs and axonal regeneration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RGC counts and retinal thickness showed significant differences between the two groups. Western blotting also demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of the nerve regeneration marker protein GAP-43 between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KBP offers protection on RGCs and promotes regeneration of the optic nerve axons after optic nerve injury in rats.</p>

Changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein and growth-associated protein-43 expressions in retinal ganglial cells during axonal regeneration / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes in the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and growth- associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in retinal ganglial cells after neural transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-nine rats were randomized into normal control group, nerve amputation group and nerve amputation with peripheral nerve transplantation group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the changes in the expressions of GFAP and GAP-43 at different time points after the operations, and real-time PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expressions of 13 genes in the retinal ganglial cells of the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemistry showed obviously increased GFAP expressions in the retina following the nerve amputation. GFAP expression was down-regulated while GAP-43 expression upregulated in the retinal ganglial cells after peripheral nerve transplantation. Real-time PCR results showed that 5 days after the operations, retinal GFAP and GAP-43 expressions increased significantly in the nerve amputation group and peripheral nerve transplantation groups as compared with those in the control group, but GAP-43 expression decreased significantly in the former two groups afterwards.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The regenerated retina may adjust the production of GFAP. The retinal ganglial cells express GAP-43 during retinal regeneration. Up-regulation of the expression of GAP-43 provides the evidence for nerve regeneration following the nerve transplantation.</p>

Role of phospholipase C-gamma1 signaling pathway in H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) signaling pathway in H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PC12 cells were exposed to 50 micromol/L H(2)O(2) after pretreatment with 10 micromol/L U73122, a specific PLC-gamma1 inhibitor. Hoechst/PI double staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of the cells under light microscope. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability, and the percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out to characterize the cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After inhibition of the PLC-gamma1 signaling pathway with 10 micromol/L U73122, PC12 cells showed obvious apoptotic morphology, the viable cells decreased significantly, and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose to 35.7%. PC12 cells treated with U73122 presented with a distinct DNA ladder on electrophoresis resulting from DNA cleavage in the apoptotic cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PLC-gamma1 signaling pathway plays an important protective role in H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis.</p>

Functional analysis of helicase and three tandem HRDC domains of RecQ in Deinococcus radiodurans / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

RecQ is a highly conserved helicase necessary for maintaining genome stability in all organisms. Genome comparison showed that a homologue of RecQ in Deinococcus radiodurans designated as DR1289 is a member of RecQ family with unusual domain arrangement: a helicase domain, an RecQ C-terminal domain, and surprisingly three HRDC domain repeats, whose function, however, remains obscure currently. Using an insertion deletion, we discovered that the DRRecQ mutation causes an increase in gamma radiation, hydroxyurea and mitomycine C and UV sensitivity. Using the shuttle plasmid pRADK, we complemented various domains of the D. radiodurans RecQ (DRRecQ) to the mutant in vivo. Results suggested that both the helicase and helicase-and-RNase-D-C-terminal (HRDC) domains are essential for complementing several phenotypes. The complementation and biochemical function of DRRecQ variants with different domains truncated in vitro suggested that both the helicase and three HRDC domains are necessary for RecQ functions in D. radiodurans, while three HRDC domains have a synergistic effect on the whole function. Our finding leads to the hypothesis that the RecF recombination pathway is likely a primary path of double strand break repair in this well-known radioresistant organism.