Application of augmented reality navigation in laparoscopic and robot-assisted liver surgery / 中华外科杂志

In recent years, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have been widely used, and various intraoperative image navigation systems have also developed rapidly. However, the liver itself has a complex vessel and duct system, which increase the difficulty of liver surgery. The augmented reality image navigation system combines the three-dimensional reconstructed image of the liver with the real liver anatomy, which presents the specific relationship between the tumor location and the surrounding vessels for the surgeon. Compared with other intraoperative image navigation methods, augmented reality has its unique advantages. This paper provides an overview of current advances in registration technology in augmented reality image navigation system, and focuses on its applications in liver surgery, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. Finally, the technological problems and difficulties still faced at present are summarized, and future directions worth studying in this field are proposed.

Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block Improves Patient's Quality of Recovery After Open Hepatectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Background Ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block can provide pain-relieving and opioid-sparing effects in patients receiving open hepatectomy. We hypothesize that these effects may improve the quality of recovery (QoR) after open hepatectomy. Methods Seventy-six patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomized to receive a continuous thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine (CTPVB group) or normal saline (control group). All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine postoperatively for 48 hours. The primary outcome was the global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery score on postoperative day 7, which was statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. Results Thirty-six patients in the CTPVB group and 37 in the control group completed the study. Compared to the control group, the CTPVB group had significantly increased global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery scores (133.14 ± 12.97 vs. 122.62 ± 14.89, P = 0.002) on postoperative day 7. Postoperative pain scores and cumulative morphine consumption were significantly lower for up to 8 and 48 hours (P < 0.05; P = 0.002), respectively, in the CTPVB group. Conclusion Perioperative CTPVB markably promotes patient's QoR after open hepatectomy with a profound analgesic effect in the early postoperative period.

Three-dimensional changes in condylar position in skeletal class Ⅲ patients with mandibular deviation after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigage the three-dimensional changes in condylar position after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in skeletal class Ⅲpatients with mandibular deviation using cone-beam CT (CBCT).@*Methods@#Twenty-five skeletal class Ⅲ patients with mandibular deviation were included. The patients (12 males and 13 females, aged 19-25 years, average age 22.4 years) were treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University from October 2013 to March 2017. The patients were divided into T1, T2 and T3 groups (T1 group: CBCT taken within 1 week before operation; T2 group: CBCT taken within 1 week after operation; T3 group: CBCT taken 6-8 months after surgery). Three sets of image data of condyles on both sides (deviation side and contralateral side) were obtained. After the DICOM data collection, the software of Mimics 17.0 was used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction and condylar position measurements: the distance from the condylar top (CoT) to the standard horizontal plane (SHP), the middle sagittal plane (MSP) and the sella coronal plane (SCP) (CoT-SHP, CoT-MSP, CoT-SCP); the distance from the condylar center (CoC) to SHP, MSP and SCP (CoC-SHP, CoC-MSP, CoC-SCP); the angle from the condyle cella plane (CCP) to SHP, MSP and SCP (CCP-SHP, CCP-MSP, CCP-SCP); the angle from the condyle sagittal plane (CSP) to SHP, MSP and SCP (CSP-SHP, CSP-MSP, CSP-SCP) and the distance of the anterior, superior, posterior, medial, central and lateral joint space. One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were used to compare the changes in condylar position at different periods (T1, T2, and T3).@*Results@#Within 1 week before operation on the deviation side, CoT-SHP [(2.5±1.3) mm], CSP-MSP (41.2°±8.4°) and the posterior joint space [(2.0±0.6) mm] were obviously increased (P<0.05), and CoT-SCP [(9.1±3.3) mm], CCP-MSP (78.2°±5.2°) were decreased significantly (P<0.05); on the contralateral side, CoT-MSP [(50.4±3.1) mm], CCP-MSP (80.6°±6.0°), the anterior joint space [(2.2±0.6) mm] and the medial joint space [(2.6±0.6) mm] were obviously increased (P<0.05), and CCP-SCP (11.4°±8.8°) were decreased significantly (P<0.05). Six to eight months after surgery, CoT-SHP [(2.2±1.0) mm] and the posterior joint space [(1.9±0.5) mm] on deviation side and CoT-SCP [(8.4±2.8) mm] on the contralateral side were increased significantly (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in other measurements (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The condylar position in skeletal class Ⅲ patients with mandibular deviation was asymmetrical. Within 1 week after the operation of BSSRO, the condyle on the deviation side was moved forward, downward and inward. Meanwhile, the condyle on the contralateral side was moved backward and outward. Six to eight months after surgery, the condylar position on both sides was gradually restored to the pre-operative condylar position.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine in inhibiting obesity and inflammatory diseases by regulating gut microbiota / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. However, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, scientific researches have found that the disorder of gut microbiota is associated with obesity and other diseases. Furthermore, it has been found that TCM can improve the structure of gut microbiota by increasing probiotics and reducing pathogens, which play an importent role in preventing the development and progression of obesity and other diseases. This article first explores the possible association between intestinal microbiota and obesity. Then, it reviews the traditional Chinese medicine and its role in regulating intestinal microbiota for the prevention and treatment of diseases, including obesity and inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease and other diseases, in theexpectation of new strategies and research direction for treating obesity and relevant diseases, and providing important guidance for further studies in this field in the future.

A cone-beam CT investigation on condylar growth in beagle dog treated with Herbst appliance and prostaglandin E2 during late stage of growth / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To assess the mandibular condylar growth using cone-beam CT (CBCT) in beagle dogs treated with Herbst appliance and exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during late stage of growth.@*Methods@#Twenty-four male beagle dogs aged 8 months were divided into four groups according to the random number table (n=6 in each group): natural growth group, mandibular protraction group (Herbst group), injected prostaglandin E2 group (PGE2 group), mandibular protraction plus injected prostaglandin E2 group (Herbst+PGE2 group). The beagle dogs in Herbst+PGE2 group and PGE2 group were injected 0.1 ml of prostaglandin E2 (dose of 0.05 mg) into bilateral temporomandibular joint articular cavity. The dogs in natural growth group and Herbst group were injected 0.1 ml of saline into bilateral temporomandibular joint articular cavity as control. PGE2 and saline were injected once every 3 days for 60 days, respectively. CBCT was taken before the application of Herbst appliance and after removal of the appliance for all beagle dogs in four groups at the same time. The CBCT images were reconstructed using Invivo5 software and the relevant parameters of temporomandibular joint were measured.@*Results@#No significant difference was found in natural growth group before and after the experiment (P>0.05). After the treatment, the condylar height and condylar size in Herbst group ([0.19+0.04] and [0.18+0.30] mm), PGE2 group ([0.38+0.14] and [0.51+0.24] mm) and Herbst+PGE2 group ([0.65+0.08] and [0.70+0.24] mm) slightly increased (P<0.05). The condylar changes in all experimental groups were greater than the natural growth group (P<0.05), and the ranges of change, in descending order, were Herbst+PGE2 group, PGE2 group and Herbst group (P<0.05). However, the condylar longitudinal distances, condyle width, condylar transverse diameter, glenoid fossa width and glenoid fossa depth had no statistically significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Injection of exogenous PGE2 into the temporomandibular joint articular cavity, or using Herbst appliance separately, a certain amount of growth was observed on the mandibular condyle in beagle dogs during late stage of growth. The combination of Herbst appliance and exogenous PGE2 injection made the condylar growth more obviously.

The effects of Herbst two phase treatment on temporomandibular joint position analyzed by CBCT / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To assess the effects of Herbst two phase treatment on temporomandibular joint(TMJ) position analyzed by CBCT.Methods:15 patients of permanent dentition with class Ⅱ malocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion were treated by Herbst appliance as the 1st phase,then the 4 1st premolars of each patient were extracted,the fixed appliance of edgewise was applied as the 2nd phase of treatment.CBCT examination was carried out at the following stages:2 weeks before Herbst treatment(T1),at the start of the treatment when Herbst appliance was placed(T2),immediately after Herbst appliance was removed(T3) and immediately after the edgewise appliance was removed(T4).The InvivoDental software was used to calculate the joint space of TMJ from the three -dimensional CBCT images.The acquired data were then statistically analyzed.Results:During T1-T2-T3 stages,the anterior joint space was decreased and then increased,superior joint space and posterior joint space were increased and then decreased.During T3-T4 stages,the superior joint space and posterior joint space decreased further,but anterior joint space did not change.No significant difference was found in the anterior joint space,superior joint space and posterior joint space between T1 and T4 stage.Conclusion:At the start of treatment with Herbst appliance,the condyle is displaced in an anterior and inferior direction.At the end of functional treatment,especially the end of two phase treatment,the condyle is drawed back nearly to the original position.

Regulatory T Cell Activity in Immunosuppresive Mice Model of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia is a refractory,even lethal complication in immunosuppressive individuals and immune disturbances may promote the pathological process.We aimed to investigate the regulatory T (Treg) cell activity in an immunosuppressive mice model of PA pneumonia by estimating levels of main transcription factor and the main effector of Treg cells,i.e.,Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) and interleukine-10 (IL-10).Seventy-two BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly:control (A),PA pneumonia (B),immunosuppression (C) and immunosuppression with PA pneumonia (D).Mice were sacrificed at 4,8 and 24 h after establishing experimental models.The pathological changes of lung tissue were graded,and the FOXP3 mRNA and serum IL-10 levels were detected.Histological analysis of lung tissues showed there were no significantly pathological changes in groups A and C,but significantly pathological changes were found in groups B and D,especially in group D at 8 h (P＜0.05).The expression levels of FOXP3 mRNA in groups A and C showed no significant changes at the three time points,which were significantly lower than those in groups B and D (P＜0.05).FOXP3 mRNA levels were lowest at 4 h,and there was significant difference between groups B and D (P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-10 in groups A and C were almost normal at the three time points,but decreased significantly in groups B and D (P＜0.05).The serum levels ofIL-10 decreased to the lowest at 8 h,especially in group D (P＜0.05).The results indicate that PA pneumonia in immunosuppressive individuals worsens rapidly,which may be associated with Treg cells function disturbance.And Treg cells may be promising as adjuvant therapeutics for PA pneumonia in immunosuppressive individuals.

Cone beam computed tomography analysis of the bony structure of the temporomandibular joint during two phase treatment with Herbst appliance / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study assessed the effects of two-phase treatment with Herbst appliance on the bony structure of the temporomandibular joint via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study selected 15 patients exhibiting early permanent dentition and classⅡmalocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion treated by a two phase treatment (Herbst and fixed appliance). The CBCT scans of the patients were obtained at the following stages: 2 weeks before Herbst treatment (T1), at the start of treatment when the Herbst appliance was set in place (T2), immediately after removal of the Herbst appliance (T3), and immediately after removal of the edgewise appliance (T4). Three-dimensional reconstruction and related measurements were performed using InvivoDental software, and the acquired data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) CBCT showed a crescent-shaped hyperplasia at the posterior-superior border of the condyles that the outer edge was highly dense and the inner region was lowly dense in T3 in 14 patients (28 condyles). 2) In T3-T2 and T4-T1, the diameters of the anteroposterior condyles increased by 0.62 and 0.66 mm, respectively (P<0.01), and the condylar head height correspondingly increased by 0.54 and 0.53 mm (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Condylar growth remodeling occurs during Herbst treatment.
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The effects of functional appliance and multi-bracket appliance on Class II malocclusion coupled with verti-cal and transversal problems / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance and multi-bracket appliance on Angle Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems. Methods:Headgear-activator, Herbst appliance and multi-bracket appliance were used to treat 20 patients with Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems aged from 10 to 15 years. The lateral cephalograms were measured with Winceph 8. 0 software and statistical analysis was carried by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results:The sagi-tal, vertical, transversal problems had mainly been resolved at the end of functional appliance treatment. The SNB were increased( P0. 05). The upper and lower dentition were harmony in sagital, vertical and transversal. Conclusion: Functional appliance combined with multi-bracket appliance can be used effectively and conveniently for the treatment of Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal prob-lems.

Treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusion with herbst appliance in young adults / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of angle Class II division 2 malocclusion treated with Herbst appliance in young adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cast splint Herbst appliance and multi-bracket appliance were used to treat 12 patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion aged from 16 to 25 years old. The lateral cephalograms were measured with Winceph 8.0 software and statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The changes in SNA, Co-Go, Go-Po after treatment had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The SNB increased and ANB decreased after treatment. Upper and lower incisors labially inclined and inter-incisor angle increased. Upper posterior teeth had distal movement, lower posterior teeth had mesial movement and extrusion. Mandibular plane angle and occlusal plane angle had clockwise rotation. The overbite decreased significantly, and the molar relationship changed from Class II to Class I in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Herbst appliance combined with multi-bracket appliance can be used effectively for correcting Class II division 2 malocclusion in young adults.</p>

Expression of melanoma antigen-1, 3 genes in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its clinical significance / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of using melanoma antigen (MAGE)-1 and MAGE-3 gene encoding proteins as an index of potential target for immunotherapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes in tumor tissues and tumor adjacent non-IHCC liver tissues were examined by RT-PCR method. The relationship between positive expression rates of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes and clinical data including sex, age, tumor diameters, tumor envelope, tumor nodules number, and hepatitis B virus surface antigen were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rates of MAGE-1 (35%) and MAGE-3 genes (45%) were significantly higher in the tumor tissues than in tumor adjacent tissues (0) (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes had no relationship with the clinical data (P >0.05), except the morphology of tumor (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression rates of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes in IHCC suggests the MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 gene may be a target for immunotherapy in IHCC patients.</p>

Clinical experiences of surgical manipulations for hepatic masses in difficult sites / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the surgical experiences, risks, complications, and managements for hepatic masses in difficult sites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 47 patients were divided into three groups based on the liver tumor sites: primary porta hepatis group, secondary porta hepatis group, and caudate lobe group. All patients underwent different portion of hepatectomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surgery duration was (289.6 +/- 62.2) ml-nutes, intra-operative blood loss was (602.3 +/- 256.4) ml, and intra-operative blood transfusion was (524.0 +/- 325.9) ml. Incidence of surgical complications in each group was 61.5%, 26.9%, and 25%, respectively. Serious complications observed were biliary leakage (27.7%), bleeding (6.4%), and post-operative liver failure (2.1%). Three perioperative deaths were reported: two patients died of bleeding, and one patient died from liver failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dissection of the liver and exposure of major blood vessels and biliary ducts are of critical importance in the surgeries for hepatic masses in difficult sites, and post-operative complications may be remarkably reduced through delicate manipulations of the small intra-hepatic vessels and biliary ducts during resection. A thorough pre-operative evaluation plays a key role in predicting the feasibility and risks of the surgery. Damage to the major blood vessels adjacent to the tumor, in addition to bleeding, may result in in-flow or outflow obstruction and cause necrosis of the corresponding hepatic lobe. Compared with damage to the primary portal area, vascular damage to the secondary porta is generally associated with higher fatality.</p>

Preoperative evaluation of liver function using 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid based on single photon emission computed tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-EHIDA) scintigraphy based on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 16 patients with liver lesions were divided into cirrhosis group and non-cirrhosis group. SPECT was performed 2 days before operation and 5 days after operation. Serum liver functions were examined on the same day of scintigraphy. SPECT images of areas of interest of heart and liver were aquired. Time of the peak of EHIDA density in liver (Tpeak), five-minutes heart liver index (HLI5), blood clearance index (HH15), receptor index (LHL15), and the predictive values were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tpeak was not significantly different between two groups, while HLI5, HH15, and LHL15 were significantly different (P = 0.033, P = 0.001, and P = 0.005). HLI, and LHL15 were significantly correlated with preoperative total protein and prealbumin levels (P = 0.003, P = 0.015, P = 0.022, P = 0.038) and post-operative prealbumin (P = 0.037, P = 0.042). The predictive values of HLI5 and LHL15 correlated well with postoperative HLI5 and LHL15 (r = 0.675, P = 0.016; r = 0.629, P = 0.028).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-EHIDA based on liver SPECT may facilitate the further studies of risks of liver surgery.</p>

Early recurrence after the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the precise time of the recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to further explore the risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 94 patients who had undergone resection of HCC were divided into three groups based on the time of recurrence, which was indicated by the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination: recurrence between 1 to 6 months, recurrence between 7 to 12 months, and tumor-free after 12 months. Patients with intra-hepatic recurrence were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and confirmed by CT scans after embolization, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recurrence rates of 6 months and 1 year were 30.9% and 36.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference between 6-month and 1-year recurrence rates was observed. Nine (26.5%) patients with recurrence and five (8.3%) patients free of tumor had previously presented as multifocal HCC, which showed a statistical significance (P = 0.032). The diagnostic accuracy of DSA was 87.2%, which was eventually confirmed by the other investigations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most recurrences occure within the first six months postoperatively and multifocal carcinogenesis is one of the risk factors associated with early recurrence after liver resection for advanced HCC. DSA is an important surveillance for early detection of intra-hepatic recurrence after surgery; meanwhile, it also provides information for early management to control the disease progression and for future active therapies.</p>

Autophagy in fibrotic and postoperative remnant liver in rat / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the characteristics of autophagy in fibrotic and postoperative remnant liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group; fibrosis group, which received the solution of CCl4 in oil twice a week for 5 weeks; and hepatectomy group, which underwent 70% hepatectomy. Liver tissues and plasma were harvested 18 hours after the surgery. The rats' general conditions and plasma liver function were observed. Histopathological characteristics and regeneration were observed with microscope and transmission electron microscope. Qualitative analysis of autophagosome was made base on the data from transmission electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, plasma total protein and albumin level significantly decreased in the fibrosis group (P < 0.01). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index was 85%-95% in the fibrosis group. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels significantly increased in the hepatectomy group compared with the control group (P < 0.01), while the autophagical index significantly decreased in both the fibrosis group and hepatectomy group compared with the control group (-95%, P < 0.01; -19%, P < 0.05, respectively). PCNA index was 20%-30% in the hepatectomy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Autophagy is weakened after fibrosis and hepatectomy, although it differs between these two processes. Proper regulation of autophagy may help facilitate the recovery of the residual liver function after hepatectomy.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 patients with metastatic RCC to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 3 RCC patients with metastasis to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three patients was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic metastasis was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided tumor in 2 patients and left side in 1. One patient was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper abdominal pain, weight loss, slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, weight loss and jaundice (n = 1). All pancreatic metastases were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One patient had only a solitary pancreatic metastasis (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 patients: including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic metastasis, and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated patients underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic metastasis. These two patients were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Renal cell carcinoma is an unpredictable tumor that may demonstrate very delayed metastasis even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. We advocate careful long-term follow-up of patients with a history of RCC. Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.</p>

Three-dimensional assessment of the remnant hepatic function following surgery using single photon emission computed tomography in an animal model / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The predictive value of postoperative hepatic function evaluated by liver functional imaging combined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique was appraised in the present study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into two groups, including the Hepatic Fibrosis with Carcinoma Group (FC-Group, n = 10) and the Control Group (C-Group, n = 10). All the rabbits underwent the resection of outer-right lobe of the liver. The whole hepatic function indexes, such as HCI(5), HLI(5) and Ex(15), and the hepatic function remnant indexes, including HCI(5P), HLI(5P) and Ex(15P), were calculated by 99mTc-EHIDA liver imaging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ex(15) of FC-Group was lower than that of C-Group (P < 0.05). HCI(5) and HLI(5) of FC-Group had the trends to increase compared with the C-Group. Ex(15) was positively correlated with ALB, and negatively correlated with TBil and GGT (P < 0.05). HCI(5) had a positive correlation with CHE (P < 0.05), while HLI(5) had a negative correlation with A/G (P < 0.05). HLI(5P) had the negative correlation with postoperative A/G (P < 0.05), and Ex(15P) had the negative correlation with postoperative TBil and GGT (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study has established a method of 3-D liver function evaluation system on an animal model. Among the indexes, Ex(15) can exactly represent the whole liver function while Ex(15P) and HLI(5P) can predict the liver function after the liver resection. The results may help the future clinical use of this technique to evaluate the risk of operation.</p>

Identification and expression of non-coding RNAs NC28 and NC119 in human tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and identify the non-coding RNAs related to tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used RT-PCR and Northern blot to analyze non-coding RNAs in tumor tissues and cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two predicted non-coding RNAs were confirmed to be expressed in cancer tissues and cell lines by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. We detected the expression of two non-coding RNA transcripts by Northern blot. The length of NC28 was about 1800 nt, and that of NC119 was about 1200nt.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NC28 and NC119 have a tumor-associated expression pattern. The non-coding RNAs may play a role in the development of tumors.</p>

One-day bowel preparation with sodium phosphate prior to colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the feasibility and safety of one-day bowel preparation for colorectal surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients undergone colorectal surgery were divided randomly into the Control group and the Experimental group and received 3-day magnesium sulfate and 1-day sodium phosphate bowel preparations before the operation, respectively. The levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum electrolytes, and anaerobe counts in the stool prior and post bowel preparation were examined. The general status, surgical complications, and structure of intestinal mucosa in the patients were observed after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the anastomoses healing, infectious complications, serum tests and intestinal mucosa structures between the two groups. Less diarrhea occurred prior and post the surgery in the experimental group, and they felt better with the bowel preparation. The anaerobe counts in stool were higher after the bowel preparation than before in both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One-day bowel preparation with sodium phosphate is a safe and reliable method for colorectal surgery. The shortening of preparation time can reduce the degrees of uncomfortable feeling and disruptions of intestinal micro-ecology and barrier.</p>

The first case of primary epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in the liver / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the first case of primary epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) in the liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and histopathological changes of EMC in this case were described. The patient was a thirty-seven-year old female. A 10 cm lesion was detected in the right liver upon a routine examination. Following that, the CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), repeated puncture biopsies, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection were done with no specificity and significance found.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Right hemi-hepatectomy was performed. The special double catheterization cannula was found in the histopathological examination, and the final diagnosis of EMC was proven by immuno-histochemical staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary EMC is difficult to be finally diagnosed prior to the surgery. The diagnosis can be confirmed using pathological examination and immuno-histochemical staining of the specimen.</p>