ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a novel method using high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with DAD (HPCE-DAD) for the simultaneous determination of 10 phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3- rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) in Bidens bipinnata. The extraction efficiency of above mentioned compounds was compared using six different ethanol/water solutions. Methods: The effects of pH value and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, and temperature on the separation were researched. The 10 compounds were baseline separated within 16 min in a 60 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 25 kV with a running buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L borate (pH 9.5) at wavelength of 214 nm. Results: Excellent linearities of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid were observed at 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 1.0-120, 2.5-120, 5.0-120, 2.5-120, 2.5-120, and 2.5-120 mg/L, respectively. The detection limits were at 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of precision were below 5.17% (n = 6). The mean recoveries for 10 phenolic compounds in B. bipinnata ranged from 94.4% to 105.8%, with RSD values of 0.32%-4.33%. Conclusion: The contents of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3- glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid in B. bipinnata are 95.04-105.84, 78.03-110.45, 96.45-177.96, 178.78-300.00, 62.06-66.54, 71.08-72.85, 77.39-95.30, 68.27-77.43, 68.47- 88.47, and 107.24-142.43 μg/g, respectively.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of hesperidin on behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of ratmodel of chronic stress-induced depression.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish the rat depression model. Sixty male SD rats were divided randomly into six groups: the normal group, the model group, the hesperidin (40, 80, 160 mg x kg(-1)) group and the positive fluoxetine (10 mg x kg(-1)) group. They were orally administered with drugs for three weeks. The sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test (FST) were assayed to detect animal behavior. The levels of corticosterone (CORT) in serum, mRNA of corticotropin release factor (CRF) in hypothalamus as well as protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were determined to clarify the anti-depression effect and mechanism of hesperidin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, rats in the hesperidin (40, 80, 160 mg x kg(-1)) treatment group showed significant increase in the sucrose consumption and decrease in the immobility time in FST to varying degrees. Meanwhile, the excessively high serum CORT and adrenal index of CUMS rats were reversed by treatment with hesperidin. In addition, hesperidin inhibited CRF mRNA expression in hypothalamus and up-regulated GR protein expression in PVN among CUMS rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hesperidin could effectively improve the behavior of CUMS rats and show the anti-depression effect. Its mechanisms may be related to the function of regulating HPA axis.</p>