Analysis of HIV-1 genetic subtype and pretreatment drug resistance among men who have sex with men infected with HIV-1 from 19 cities of 6 provinces in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 19 cities of 6 provinces in China. Methods: From April to November 2019, 574 plasma samples of ART-naive HIV-1 infected MSM were collected from 19 cities in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces, total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted and amplified the HIV-1 pol gene region by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription. Then sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree to determine genetic subtypes and submitted to the Stanford drug resistance database for drug resistance analysis. Results: A total of 479 samples were successfully amplified by PCR. The HIV-1 genetic subtypes included CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, B, CRF55_01B, CRF59_01B, CRF65_cpx, CRF103_01B, CRF67_01B, CRF68_01B and unrecognized subtype, which accounted for 43.4%, 36.3%, 6.3%, 5.9%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 5.5%, respectively. The distribution of genetic subtypes among provinces is statistically different (χ2=44.141, P<0.001). The overall PDR rate was 4.6% (22/479), the drug resistance rate of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors were 3.5% (17/479), 0.8% (4/479) and 0.2% (1/479), respectively. The PDR rate of recent infections was significantly higher than that of long-term infections (χ2=4.634, P=0.031). Conclusions: The HIV-1 genetic subtypes among MSM infected with HIV-1 from 19 cities of 6 provinces in China are diverse, and the distribution of subtypes is different among provinces. The overall PDR rate is low, while the PDR rate of recent infections was significantly higher than that of long-term infections, suggesting the surveillance of PDR in recent infections should be strengthened.

Application of limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for estimating HIV-1 incidence in men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in key areas of China through HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), analyze the deviation from the actual results and identify influencing factors, and provided reference for improving the accuracy of estimation results. Methods: Based on the principle of the cohort randomized study design, 20 cities were selected in China based on population size and the number of HIV-positive MSM. The sample size was estimated to be 700 according to the HIV-1 infection rate in MSM. MSM mobile phone app. was used to establish a detection appointment and questionnaire system, and the baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2019. LAg-Avidity EIA was used to identify the recent infected samples. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was calculated and then adjusted based on the estimation formula designed by WHO. The influencing factors were identified by analyzing the sample collection and detection processes. Results: Among the 10 650 blood samples from the participants, 799 were HIV-positive in initial screening, in which 198 samples (24.78%) missed during confirmation test. Only 621 samples were received by the laboratory. After excluding misreported samples, 520 samples were qualified for testing. A total of 155 samples were eventually determined as recent infection through LAg-Avidity EIA; Based on the estimation formula , the incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in 20 cities was 4.06% (95%CI:3.27%-4.85%), it increased to 5.53% (95%CI: 4.45%-6.60%)after the adjusting for sample missing rate. When the sample missing rate and misreporting rate were both adjusted, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the MSM increased to 5.66% (95%CI:4.67%-6.65%). The actual incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in the 20 cities might be between 4.06% and 5.66%. Conclusions: Sample missing and misreporting might cause the deviation of the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence. It is important to ensure the sample source and the quality of sample collection and detection to reduce the deviation in the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence.

Effect of state anxiety on sleep-wake cycle in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of state anxiety on the sleep-wake cycle of mice in the Triple test.Methods Eighteen male ICR mice were selected, and the electroencephalogram(EEG)and electromyogram(EMG)electrodes were embedded in the cortex and neck muscles of the mice under the conditions of anesthesia.There was a continuous 24 h tracing of mice under normal conditions after the recovery period.The model replication and behavioral evaluation of the state anxiety took place in the Triple test and the mouse sleep for 24 h was recorded for 7 consecutive days after the daily test.Results The behavioral evaluation showed that compared with 1st d, the time spent in central and% time in OF on 3 ?4 ?5 ?7 d of modeling was significantly reduced(P<0.05; P<0.01); the number of entries and% time of 4-7 d in EPM signifi-cantly increased(P<0.01); 2nd and 4th day of time spent in dark compartment of LDB increased significantly(P<0.05; P<0.01).The results of EEG analysis showed that compared with the sleep-wake cycle under normal conditions, the sleep and wake cycles had undergone significant changes, and the awakening time and its proportion were significantly prolonged(P<0.05; P<0.01), NREM sleep and its proportion markedly decreased on the 1-5 and 7 d(P<0.05; P<0.01), and a significant increase occurred in REM sleep and its proportion on 1st, 2nd, and 4th day(P<0.05).Conclusion The sleep-wake cycle of state anxiety mice replicated with the Triple test changes, and the impact on daytime sleep is more obvious.

Study on the effect of Zizyphus jujube kernel freeze-dried powder on sleep awakening state and energy metabolism rate in rats / 中国药理学通报

Objective To explore the effeet of Zizyphus jujubekernelfreeze - dried powder on sleep and wakefulness and energy metabolism rate in rats under 24 h eontinuous darkness and its mechanism. Method U- sing the eortieal eleetroeneephalography method and the experimental animal monitoring system (CLAMS) and taking the time of wakefulness and sleep as well as the number of activities, food intake, and caloric pro- duetion as indicators to explore the funetion of it on improving energy metabolism rate. Theenzyme - linked immunoassay was used to determine the changes in the eontent of LEP, POMC, and NPY involved in energy regulation in the hypothalamus, so as to study the energy change mechanism of it. Result Compared with the DD group, the MAT group had redueed daytime awakening time, increased sleep time, deereased aetivities, no signifieant differenee in food intake, and inereased caloric production. There was no significant difference in night awakening and sleep time, no significant difference in the number of activities, reduced food intake , and increased caloric production. The weight gain of rats decreased; Compared with the DD group, the LEP content in the hypothalamus of the MAT group increased, the POMC content increased and the NPY content decreased. Conclusion By increasing LEP, POMC content and decreasing NPY content in hypothalamus , Zizyphus jujubekemelfreeze - dried powder collected the disturbance of sleep and wakefulness state and abnormal energy metabolism rate of rats caused by 24 h continuous dark condition.

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of muscle regions of meridians needling method for refractory facial paralysis based on infrared thermal imaging technology / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of muscle regions of meridians needling method for refractory facial paralysis affecting different locations.Methods: A total of 110 participants were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 55 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with muscle regions of meridians needling method, and the control group was treated with conventional facial three-line needling method. The clinical efficacy was evaluated four weeks after the treatment. And the infrared imaging spectra of the two groups were examined. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and its curative effect for refractory facial paralysis located above the geniculate ganglion was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The color scale distribution of different disease locations in the two groups varied significantly (P<0.05), the higher the disease location, the higher the occurrence rate of cool zone and low temperature zone. After treatment, the reductions of the facial and periotic temperature difference between the healthy side and the affected side in the observation group were statistically different from those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Muscle regions of meridians needling method has a better effect than facial three-line needling method for refractory facial paralysis. It can promote the microcirculation of the affected side of the face, improve the blood and oxygen supply to local tissues, and thus promote the repair of the peripheral facial nerve.

Comparison of the sedative and anti-anxiety effects of levo-tetrahydropalmatine and diazepam on rats with conditioned fear / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To compare the sedative and anti-anxiety effects of levo-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) and diazepam on conditioned fear model rats.Methods:According to the random number table method, 32 adult male rats were divided into blank group, model group, diazepam group and L-THP group(with 8 rats in each group). The conditioned fear model was reproduced by the plantar electric shock method. Four days after the modeling, the rats in diazepam group and L-THP group were given diazepam (3.6 mg/kg) and L-THP (25 mg/kg) were respectively gavaged once a day for 10 days, the rats in blank group and model group were given the same volume of saline. After the administration, the elevated plus maze test and the open field test were used to measure the anxiety behavior of the rats, and the sleep energy monitoring system was used to detect changes in sleep and energy-related indicators. SPSS 23.0 and Graphpad Prism 7.0 softwares were used for data analysis, multiple samples between groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, and LSD test was used for pairwise comparison.Results:The results of the elevated plus maze experiment showed that compared with the model group, the percentage of open-arm entry times ((11.27±8.78)%, (30.11±14.59)%, P<0.05) and the percentage of open-arm residence time ((1.94±1.48)%, (17.53±8.21)%, P<0.05) in diazepam group were all significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the open arm residence time, the percentage of open arm residence time and the percentage of open arm entry times in L-THP group showed an upward trend, but there was no statistical significance (all P>0.05). The results of the open field experiment showed that compared with the model group, the time of entering the central grid ((2.99±1.83) s, (6.94±3.52) s, P<0.05) and the time of entering the peripheral field ((297.01±1.83) s, (293.30±3.52) s, P<0.05) in diazepam group both increased. Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the changes of various indexes in L-THP group (all P>0.05). The results of locomotor activities showed that the autonomic activity times of model group in nighttime was significantly lower than that of blank group((758.79±375.37)times/h, (1 101.93±525.96)times/h, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the number of autonomous activities of rats in L-THP group in daytime ((820.57±364.60) times/min, (502.40±228.54)times/min, P<0.05) decreased, and the number of autonomous activities in the nighttime ((758.79±375.37) times/min, (1 146.85±309.69)times/min, P<0.05) increased, but there was no significant change in the number of autonomous activities in the whole day. Correlation analysis of energy metabolism related indexes and sleep time of rats in each group were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the daytime sleep time were negatively correlated with heat value ( r=-0.335, P<0.05), and the night sleep time was positively correlated with daytime heat value ( r=0.352, P<0.05). Conclusion:L-tetrahydropalmatine has no significant anti-anxiety effect in the concentration range used in this study, but its sedative and improving sleep activity rhythm are better than diazepam.

A preliminary study of a deep learning assisted diagnostic system with an artificial intelligence for detection of retina disease / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the application value of artificial intelligence diagnosis system for fundus disease screening based on deep learning.<p>METHODS:A total of 1 345 patients(2 690 eyes)in our hospital were recruited from July 2018 to December 2018. The accuracy, specificity, consistency and sensitivity of the artificial intelligence diagnosis system were determined by comparison with ophthalmologist diagnosis and artificial intelligence diagnosis system which based on multi-layer deep convolution neural network learning. <p>RESULTS:The accuracy of artificial intelligence diagnosis system is 62.82%. There are 1-5(1.38±0.67)diagnoses among the patients, among which the accuracy of one diagnosis is 56.09%, the accuracy of two diagnosis is 77.96%, the accuracy of three diagnosis is 84.61%, the accuracy of four diagnosis is 86.95%, and the accuracy of five diagnosis is 60.00%; The consistency kappa value without obvious abnormality and leopard pattern fundus was 0.044 and 0.169 respectively. The sensitivity was 3.00% and 99.6% respectively, the specificity was 99.7% and 14.2% respectively. The consistency Kappa value of other diagnosis was as high as 0.57-1.00, the sensitivity was as high as 65.1%-100%, and the specificity was as high as 93.0%-100%. <p>CONCLUSION:This study shows that the artificial intelligence diagnosis system based on multi-layer deep convolution neural network learning is a reliable alternative to diagnose retina diseases, and it is expected to become an effective screening tool for primary medical treatment.

Therapeutic effect of insulin pump combined alprostadil on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in aged pa-tients / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of insulin pump combined alprostadil on diabetic peripheral neu-ropathy (DPN) in aged patients .Methods : A total of 134 aged DPN patients treated in our hospital were selected and randomly , equally divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group (received insulin pump combined alprostadil based on routine treatment ) ,both groups were treated for two weeks .Therapeutic effect ,lev-els of blood lipids ,serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) before and after treat-ment were compared between two groups .Results : After treatment , total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (92-5% 比74-6%, P＝0-005).Compared with routine treatment group after treatment ,there were significant rise in serum levels of SOD [ (78-54 ± 9-48) nU／ml vs.(88-29 ± 9-08) nU／ml] ,GSH-Px [(486-53 ± 32-84) U／L vs.(552-31 ± 89-86) U／L] and high density lipopro-tein cholesterol [HDL-C ,(5-88 ± 1-48) mmol／L vs.(6-59 ± 1-63) mmol／L] ,and significant reductions in serum levels of triglyceride [TG ,(2-05 ± 0-34) mmol／L vs.(1-35 ± 0-26) mmol／L] and low density lipoprotein choles-terol [LDL-C ,(3-48 ± 0-48 ) mmol／L vs.(2-48 ± 0-88 ) mmol／L ] in combined treatment group , P＝ 0-001 all. Conclusion : Insulin pump combined alprostadil possess significant therapeutic effect on aged DPN patients .It can significantly improve blood lipid levels ,and relieve oxidative stress state ,which is worth extending .

Diagnostic value of combined detection of heart type fatty acid binding protein and brain natriuretic peptide for patients with chronic heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To study diagnostic value of combined detection of heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) for chronic heart failure (CHF) in aged patients.Methods:A total of 178 aged CHF patients hospitalized in our hospital from Jul 2015 to Jun 2016 were selected.According to NYHA cardiac function classification,they were divided into class Ⅱ group (n＝70) and class Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ group (n＝48).An-other 52 aged healthy subjects undergoing physical examination were selected as healthy control group simultaneous-ly.Plasma BNP,H-FABP levels,LAD,LVESd,LVEDd,IVST and LVEF were measured and compared among three groups.Correlation among plasma BNP,H-FABP levels and above cardiac function indexes were analyzed.Results:Compared with healthy control group,there were significant rise in plasma levels of BNP [ (50.65 ± 5.86) ng/L vs.(212.65 ± 17.12) ng/L vs.(1264.73 ± 119.74) ng/L] and H-FABP [ (1.68 ± 0.36) ng/ml vs.(3.34 ± 0.56) ng/ml vs.(9.64 ± 1.27) ng/ml],LAD [ (3.25 ± 0.29) cm vs.(4.98 ± 0.23) cm vs.(5.48 ± 0.51) cm],LVESd [ (28.68 ± 2.7) mm vs.(40.98 ± 4.55) mm vs.(58.63 ± 5.75) mm],LVEDd [ (43.22 ± 4.29) mm vs.(56.63 ± 5.23) mm vs.(61.33 ± 6.07) mm] and IVST [ (8.15 ± 0.68) mm vs.(11.87 ± 1.03) mm vs.(15.93 ± 1.43) mm],and significant reduction in LVEF [ (64.84 ± 6.39)% vs.(49.76 ± 4.76)% vs.(35.76 ± 3.62)%] in NYHA class Ⅱ group and NYHA class Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ group;compared with NYHA class Ⅱ group,there were significant rise in plasma levels of BNP and H-FABP,LAD,LVESd,LVEDd and IVST,and significant reduction in LVEF in NYHA class Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ group,P＝0.001 all.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that plasma BNP,H-FABP levels were significant positively correlated with LAD,LVESd,LVEDd and IVST (r＝0.53～0.71,P＝0.001 all),and significant inversely correlated with LVEF (r＝ -0.54,-0.65,P＝0.001 both);plasma BNP level was signifi-cantly positive correlated with H-FABP level (r＝0.36,P＝0.04).Conclusion:Combined detection of BNP and H-FABP contributes to diagnosing CHF in aged patients and assessing its severity.

Changes of cerebral cortical metabolomics in rats following benzoapyrene exposure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes in endogenous small molecule metabolites after benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure in rat cerebral cortex and explore the mechanism of B[a]P neurotoxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five-day-old SD rats were subjected to gavage administration of 2 mg/kg B[a]P for 7 consecutive weeks. After the exposure, the rats were assessed for spatial learning ability using Morris water maze test, ultrastructural changes of the cortical neurons under electron microscope, and metabolite profiles of the cortex using GC/MS. The differential metabolites between the exposed and control rats were identified with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the metabolic pathways related with the differential metabolites were analyzed using Cytoscape software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the rats exposed to B[a]P showed significantly increased escape latency (P<0.05) and decreased time spent in the target area (P<0.05). The exposed rats exhibited widened synaptic cleft, thickened endplate membrane and swollen cytoplasm compared with the control rats. Eighteen differential metabolites (VIP>1, P<0.05) in the cortex were identified between the two groups, and 9 pathways associated with B[a]P neurotoxicity were identified involving amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and Vitamin B3 (niacin and nicotinamide) metabolism.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>B[a]P can cause disturbance in normal metabolisms and its neurotoxicity is possibly related with disorders in amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and vitamin metabolism.</p>

Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on the ability oflearning & memory and gene expression in hippocampus in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of 96 h paradoxical sleep deprivation(PSD) on learning & memory ability of rats and the concomitant gene expression change in the rat hippocampus.Methods PSD model was established by Modified Multiple Platform Method(MMPM).Learning and memory ability of the PSD model was assessed through hexagonal maze compared with the control, and the gene expression in hippocampus of each group was detected by gene chip technology.After that, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were applied to determine the changes of the gene expression in PSD model compared with the control.Results PSD affected the memory consolidation process in rats.The gene chips showed that 100 genes expressed differently in the hippocampus of PSD model compared with the control, and among them, 25 genes were up-regulated and 75 genes down-regulated.The up-regulated genes mainly involved in cell growth and differentiation, learning and memory, inflammation, oxidative stress, and biological processes such as synaptic transmission, while the down-regulated genes mainly involved in immune response, central nervous system development, synaptic transmission, metabolism, signal transduction, neurotransmitter secretion, cell apoptosis, and so on.KEGG analysis showed that genes differentially expressed mainly involved in cGMP-PKG, metabolism, NF-kappa B and Pathways in cancer, and so on.Conclusion In rats, PSD leads to memory deficit, as well as a variety of gene expression changes in hippocampus of the PSD model.

Nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomic differentiation of different Astragali Radix / 中国天然药物

Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the most popular herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Wild AR is believed to be of high quality, and substitution with cultivated AR is frequently encountered in the market. In the present study, two types of ARs (wild and cultivated) from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, growing in different regions of China, were analyzed by NMR profiling coupled with multivariate analysis. Results showed that both could be differentiated successfully and cultivation patterns or growing years might have greater impact on the metabolite compositions than the variety; the metabolites responsible for the separation were identified. In addition, three extraction methods were compared and the method (M1) was used for further analysis. In M1, the extraction solvent composed of water, methanol, and chloroform in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 2 was used to obtain the aqueous methanol (upper layer) and chloroform (lower layer) fractions, respectively, showing the best separation. The differential metabolites among different methods were also revealed. Moreover, the sucrose/glucose ratio could be used as a simple index to differentiate wild and cultivated AR. Meanwhile, the changes of correlation pattern among the differential metabolites of the two varieties were found. The work demonstrated that NMR-based non-targeted profiling approach, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, can be used as a powerful tool for differentiating AR of different cultivation types or growing years.

1H NMR fingerprints of Huangqi injection solution / 药学学报

The study established the 1H NMR-based fingerprinting and analyzed 8 batches of Huangqi injection solution. 1H NMR-based fingerprinting of both primary and secondary metabolites of Huangqi injection were established, and the 1H-1H chemical shift correlation spectroscopy (COSY) and 1H-13C chemical shift correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) were used to identify the chemical components in Huangqi injection solution. Coupled with similarity analysis and relative content determination, 8 batches of Huangqi injection solution were analyzed. Twenty-five metabolites (both primary and secondary) were identified, and the significant differences were found in the chemical composition among these Huangqi samples. The content and content variation of the primary metabolites were much higher than those of the secondary metabolites, which was the major cause of the uniformity of the Huangqi injections. The results on the quality variations of Huangqi injections in this study will serve as a basis for improving the quality control.

Effect of chronic arsenic exposure on mouse brain tissue and serum metabolomics / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebral cortex and serum metabolics of mice and explore the mechanism of arsenic neurotoxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve 3-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into exposure group and control group and exposed to sodium arsenite (50 mg/L) via drinking water and deionized water for 12 weeks, respectively. After the exposure, arsenic level in the cerebrum was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The metabolites in the cerebral cortex and serum were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the difference of the metabolites between the exposure and the control groups. Online tools for analyzing metabolic pathways were used to identify the related metabolites pathways.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Arsenic content in the brain of exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The mice exposed to arsenic had a higher level of citric acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and lysine in the cerebral cortex (P<0.05). Serum levels of serine, glycine, proline, aspartate and glutamate were significantly higher while α-ketoglutaric acid level was significantly lower in the exposure group than in the control group (P<0.05). PCA analysis showed a significant difference in cerebral cortex and serum metabolites between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic arsenic exposure may affect the function of the central nervous system by interfering with amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which may be one of the mechanisms of arsenic neurotoxicity.</p>

Correlation Study between Soothing Liver-qi Stagnation bySi-Ni-San and Effect of Improving Sleep / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Pharmacological evaluation on the improvement of sleeping effect usingSi-Ni-San(SNS) in order to conduct further study on scientific connotation of soothing liver-qistagnation. Rats, mice and fruit flies were used as animal model. Pharmacological assessment was conducted and done on the improvement of sleep effect by SNS with the cortical EEG scanning and analysis, biochemistry, molecular pharmacological methodology and technology. SNS can prolong the sleeping time of mice which were induced by pentobarbital sodium. Its effect showed the dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It can prolong the slow-wave sleep time in normal and sleep deprivation rats. It influenced several neurotransmitters and endogenous sleep factors in brain of normal and sleep deprivation rats. SNS can improve sleeping. The effect was closely related the effect of soothing liver-qi stagnation. The function was realized through multiple pathways and targets.

The effect of different illumination condition on drosophila circadian rhythm and 24 h sleep time / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of illumination changes on the drosophila circadian rhythm and 24 h sleep time.Methods We collect the unmated fruit flies (a total of 128,single-sex) under CO2 anesthesia within 8 hours of eclosion.And put them into the group of normal light group,day and night reversed group,24 h light group and 24 h dark group with the simple random sampling method,male and female with 4 single-sex groups(n=32).Change the illumination conditions of the living environment of the fruit flies and use Drosophila Activity Monitoring System (DAMS) and Data Acquisition System (DAS),to observe and compare the changes of drosophila circadian rhythm and 24 h sleep time between the different illumination conditions.Results Compared with the normal light group,drosophila circadian rhythm of the day and night reversed group was significantly reversed,the number of fruit flies' activities of 24 h light group was increased,and circadian rhythm was decline,drosophila circadian rhythm of the 24 h dark group is still there,but frequent activity appears during the day,and the 19 : 00 activity peak disappears.Conclusion The drosophila circadian rhythm and 24 h sleep time changes with illumination conditions change.

Impact of conflict psychological stress on rats'sleep time and sleep phrase / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo discuss the impact of conflict psychological stress on rats'sleep time and sleep phrase.Methods20 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into vehicle group and model group,10 in each group.The improved experiment of Vogel drinking water conflict was used to establish the model of conflict psychological stress in rats and monitoring the changes of rats'weight and concentration of corticosterone (CORT) in serum after a week.After one week,the 12 h EEG and EMG of rats were traced by the polygraph in order to clarify the effect of conflict psychological stress on rats′ sleep time and sleep phrase.ResultsAfter one week,compared with vehicle group the weight of model group decreased significantly ( t =2.87,P ＜ 0.05 ),the concentration of CORT in serum raised significantly( t=5.19,P ＜ 0.05 ).A week later,compared the vehicle group,total sleep time( TST),light sleep,slow wave sleep(SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) time in model group rats ( (337.8 ±84.2)min,( 169 ±49.2) min,( 136.9 ±40.8)min,(33.1 ± 10.1 ) min for vehicle group; ( 155.4 ±16.7 ) min,( 111.6 ± 16.4 ) min,( 30.6 ± 4.9 ) min,( 12.6 ± 3.3 ) min for model group) were significantly reduced ( t =6.75,2.43,5.51,5.78,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the proportion of lightsleep increased ( (49.6 ± 3.4 ) ％,( 71.7 ±5.4)％ ) ( t =6.90,P＜0.05),the proportion of SWS decreased( (40.3 ± 10.9)％,( 19.8 ±3.2)％ ) ( t=6.74,P ＜ 0.05 ) ;but no significant change in the proportion of REM ( t =1.57,P＞ 0.05 ).Rats,sleep-wake rhythm figure indicated that the rats'sleep duration reduced and the number of awakening increased ; sleep tended to be fragmentation.ConclusionsConflict psychological stress lead to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity,weight loss,and the rhythm of sleep and sleep phase change in rats.

Effect of lyophilized powder of Sini powder on 5-HT content and 5-HT(1A) receptor in drosophila heads / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To unveil the mechanism of sleep-improving effect of lyophilized powder of Sini powder on drosophila.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Drosophila melanogaster whose strain were wild Canton S, unmated, were collected daring 12 h after their emergencing, then they were anaesthetized by small flow of CO2 and divided into different tubes due to their sex. Both male and female flies were distributed randomly into three groups as blank, control and administration, 32 flies each group. The content of 5-HT in the brain was estimated was estimated with ELISA and had a comparison of the expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor in brain, using real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Concentration of 5-HT in brain was increased in administration group, and had a significant difference to control group. The expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor was also up-regulated after administrated of Sini powder.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sleep-improving effect of Sini powder on drosophila has a contribution to the increasing of 5-HT and 5-HT(1A) receptor in brain.</p>

Construction and evaluation of non-specific targeting cationic polymer lipid liposomes / 药学学报

A new class of dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid was designed and synthesized. The cationic polymer liposomes were prepared by the lipid film-extrusion and post-insertion two methods with these dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid and other lipids. The structural properties of obtained cationic polymer liposomes were studied by laser light scattering and fluorescence spectrometer. It was demonstrated that the nano sized liposomes with different density of surface cationic charges can be prepared by either lipid film-extrusion or post-insertion methods, but post-insertion process did not affect drug loading, did not influence drug loading capacity and did not induce liposomal morphology and particle size. The density of positive charge does not affect the size and distribution of different liposomes size and distribution. It was the better choice for manufacture because post-insertion method did not cause early release of drug and size changes. Cell binding experiments show that cationic polymer liposomes, especially dendrimer polymer liposomes had higher local charge density, and therefore have dramatic non specific cell targeting ability.

Acid-sensitive polymer liposomes prepared by poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) alkylamide derivatives / 药学学报

Poly (2-ethylacrylic acid) (PEAA) alkylamide derivatives were synthesized for constructing pH-sensitive liposomes by partially modification of carboxylic groups of PEAA with chemical reaction. These lipid derivatives of PEAA were synthesized by partially modification of carboxylic groups of PEAA with alkylamines. The acid-sensitive polymer associated liposomes were obtained by the method of polymer self-insertion in aqueous solutions through inserting hydrophobic lipid anchors of the polymer PEAA derivatives into the outer layer of vesicles. Factor effects on polymer insertion into liposomes were evaluated and the pH-sensitivity of the polymer associated liposomes was studied by calcein release assay. The PEAA-assoeiated-liposomes were prepared successfully by the methods of self-insertion. The PEAA-associated-liposomes are shown to be stable at neutral pH. (1) There was no correlate of anchor density of PEAA with length of the alkyl chain, but was positively correlated with the degree of PEAA modification. (2) Polymer insertion increased with initial ratio of polymer to lipid. (3) Unerting hydrophobic lipidr acidic conditions the associated polymer induces membrane disruption and fusion. (4) The PEAA-associated-liposomes shown pH-sensitive drug release property under acidic conditions. The anchored-poly (ethylacrylic acid) lipid derivatives can be useful in developing a potential pH sensitive drug delivery system.