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In 2022, the European Association for the Study of the Liver issued Clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis. With reference to the 2017 edition of Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline (2017) and in comparison to the corresponding contents in Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2021) issued by Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, in 2021, this article summarizes the updates in diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and management of special populations and analyzes the basis for updated recommendations and their guiding significance in optimizing the clinical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The comparative analysis shows that the new version of the guidelines is similar to the Chinese guidelines in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, and it is worth learning from the technical details such as the recommended dose of ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term follow-up plan. Since PSC is a chronic refractory disease, the drugs recommended by current guidelines cannot delay or reverse disease progression, and there is still a lack of consensus statements on immunotherapy and screening protocols for end-stage complications, which might be the directions for further research.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of subacute dynamic silica dust inhalation on the histopathology of major organs and the cytokine changes in lung tissues. METHODS: Male Kunming specific pathogen free mice were randomly divided into control group and dust exposure groups of 3, 14 and 28 d, with 7 mice in each group.The mice of the 3 exposure groups were given for 3, 12 and 24 days with silica dust at a concentration of 1 000.00 mg/m~3 using the self-made automatic dust inhalation device, 6 hours per day and 6 days per week. Rats in the control group were not treated with dust. After the end of treatment, rats were sacrificed. The organ coefficients of the liver, kidney, spleen and lung were calculated. The pathological changes of the organs were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The pulmonary fibrosis of lung tissues was evaluated by Masson staining method. Sirius scarlet picric acid staining was used to observe the collagen fiber area ratio in lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in lung tissues. Colorimetric method was used to detect the level of hydroxyproline(HYP) in lung tissues. RESULTS: After the exposure to silica dust, the histology of liver, spleen and kidney tissues were not significantly changed in the mice of the 3 dust exposure groups. The lung organ coefficients increased in the mice of dust exposure groups of 3, 14 and 28 d compared with the control group(P<0.05). The spleen coefficient of mice in dust exposure groups of 3 and 14 d were higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Among the dust exposure groups, the score of pulmonary fibrosis and HYP level in lung tissues were increased with the prolonged dust exposure time(P<0.05). The collagen fiber area ratio of collagenⅠand Ⅲ, and the levels of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in lung tissues increased in the 3 dust exposure groups compared with the control group(P<0.05). The collagen fiber area ratio of collagen Ⅲ, and the level of IL-1β in lung tissues of the 14 and 28 d of dust exposure group increased(P<0.05), and the TGF-β1 level decreased(P<0.05), when compared with the 3 d group. The collagen fiber area ratio of collagen Ⅰ in lung tissues of 14 d group and the level of MMP-2 in the 28 d group were higher than that of the 3 d group(P<0.05). The level of TNF-α in lung tissues of 14 d group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05), and while in 28 d group it was lower than those of the other 3 group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Subacute dynamic inhalation of silica dust can cause acute lung injury in mice. There is no obvious pathological change in liver, kidney and spleen. The pathological changes of lung tissue are inflammation and fibrosis, and the degree of fibrosis increases with the extension of dust exposure time, and cytokines also changed.
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Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on hand dysfunction after stroke. Methods Forty hemiplegic patients after stroke were selected from a multi-center large-scale trail, belonged to rehabilitation group (n=20) and electroacupuncture group (n=20), who accepted routine rehabilitation and additional electroacupuncture, respectively, for six weeks. They were assessed with Brunnstrom Grade, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before treatment, two, four and six weeks during treatment, and twelve weeks after treatment. Results There were differences between two groups in scores of FMA, WMFT and total time to complete WMFT twelve weeks after treatment (t>1.900, P0.05), but electroacupuncture group seemed to improve more. Conclusion Elec-troacupuncture may improve the muscle strength for patients in flaccid paralysis, and promote the recovery of hand function for patients af-ter stroke.
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@#Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation intervention by using self-efficacy theory on patients with chronic stable heart failure, and to provide evidences for rehabilitation nursing of patients. Methods Using the method of randomized controlled studies, 132 patients with chronic stable heart failure from Nanshitou Street and Shayuan Street communities in Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong were randomly divided into two groups according to the community's name. The patients in the intervention group received self-efficacy and education intervention while the control group received health education only. The patients' exercise self-efficacy scores and six minute walk distances were separately measured by exercise self-efficacy scale and six minute walk test before and after intervention. Results The scores of exercise self-efficacy and six minute walk distances increased more significantly in the intervention group than in the control group after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion Self-efficacy and education intervention can effectively improve the exercise self-efficacy and six minute walk distance of patients with heart failure.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation intervention by using self-efficacy theory on patients with chronic stable heart failure, and to provide evidences for rehabilitation nursing of patients. Methods Using the method of randomized con-trolled studies, 132 patients with chronic stable heart failure from Nanshitou Street and Shayuan Street communities in Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong were randomly divided into two groups according to the community's name. The patients in the intervention group received self-efficacy and education intervention while the control group received health education only. The patients' exercise self-efficacy scores and six minute walk distances were separately measured by exercise self-efficacy scale and six minute walk test before and after interven-tion. Results The scores of exercise self-efficacy and six minute walk distances increased more significantly in the intervention group than in the control group after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion Self-efficacy and education intervention can effectively improve the exercise self-efficacy and six minute walk distance of patients with heart failure.
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The purpose of this study was to study the effect of three different transfection reagents (Lipofectamine™ LTX & PLUS™, Lipofectamine 2000 and Nano-PAMAM-D) and three different testicular injection methods (rete testicular injection, seminiferous tubules injection and testicular interstitial injection) on the efficiency of production transgenic mice. After the mixtures of plasmid DNA (pEFP-C1) and transfection reagent were injected with different testicular injection methods, the sperm density, vitality, positive sperm rates and PCR positive transgenic mice rate were examined 30 days after injection. The results showed that the damage degree from slight to serious of three transfection reagents was Lipofectamine™ LTX & PLUS™, Lipofectamine 2000, and PAMAM-D. The sperm positive rates with green fluorescence of these three groups were 35.65%±0.69%, 12.86%±0.35% and 10.04%±0.20%, respectively. The PCR positive rates of transgenic newborn mice were 29.17%, 13.70% and 5.88%, respectively. Among the groups of different testicular injection methods, the damage degree from slight to serious was rete testicular injection, seminiferous tubules injection, and testicular interstitial injection, whereas the sperm positive rates with green fluorescence were 35.13%, 15.13%, and 0%, respectively. The PCR positive rates of transgenic newborn mice among different testicular injection groups were 33.3%, 12.5%, and 0.0%. The combination of rete testicular injection and Lipofectamine™ LTX & PLUS™ had the lowest toxicity and highest transgenic efficiency in the production of transgenic mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Indicators and Reagents , Chemistry , Injections , Methods , Lipids , Chemistry , Mice, Transgenic , Plasmids , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seminiferous Tubules , Spermatozoa , Testis , TransfectionABSTRACT
After freeze-drying, the ultrastructure of boar sperms was observed by optical and electron microscopy. The in vitro development ability of the sperm was also examined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The rate of male pronuclear formation was (68.52%), for cleavage (59.17%) and for blastocyst formation (19.16%) of the trehalose group (0.2 mol/L), significantly higher than those of the 50 mmol/L EDTA group (64.59%, 56.26% and 15.62%) and the control group (35.36%, 52.33% and 8.60%) (P < 0.05). After storage for 60, 120 and 180 d at 4 degrees C, no significant difference in the in vitro development was observed (P > 0.05). The male pronuclear, cleavage and blastocyst formation after ICSI with freeze-dried spermatozoa incubated for 1 h was superior than those incubated for 2 h (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the structures after stored at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C (P > 0.05) were observed between the trehalose group and EDTA group. The percent of B grade freeze-dried boar spermatozoa in the trehalose group was higher than that of the EDTA group (P < 0.05). Based on the ultrastructure observation, main cryogenic damage in freeze-dried boar spermatozoa was swelling, damage or rupture in the sperm acrosome, neck and tail.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Freeze Drying , Semen Preservation , Methods , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Spermatozoa , Swine , Trehalose , PharmacologyABSTRACT
The purpose was to optimize the vitrification for porcine embryos cryopreservation. Blastocyst/Morula (5-6th day-embryos) were collected from superovulated Bama mini-pigs (sows/gilts). We compared different cryopreservation methods, cryopreservation tools, thining of zona pellucida (ZP) and recipient breeds on the efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation. The results showed that: in embryo survival rate and blastocyst cell number, there were no significant differences between cryopreservation method I [embryos were vitrified by two step method with open pulled straw (OPS) and glass micropipette (GMP) in solution 1 (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 10% EG + 10% DMSO) for 3 min, and solution 2 (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4 mol/L SUC) for 1 min, stored in liquid nitrogen] and method II[Blastocysts were cultured for 25 min in NCSU23 + 7.5 microg/mL cytochalasin B, centrifuged at approximately 13 000 xg for 12-13 min, and recovered back into pNCSU23. They were then equilibrated for 5 min in 2 mol/L ethylene glycol in pNCSU23, washed quickly in the vitrification medium, 8 mol/L ethylene glycol, 7% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in pNCSU23, loaded into OPS/GMP, and plunged into liquid nitrogen]. GMP vitrification method was more suitable and efficient than OPS method (P < 0.05) in embryo survival rate (83.8% vs 77.6%) and blastocyst cell number (53.1 vs 47.5) after thawing. Thining of ZP did not increase the survival rate, but significantly improved blastocyst cell number in the survival blastcysts (60.1 and 46, P < 0.01). Local pig breeds (Fengjing sows) were more suitable as recipients for embryo transfer of vitrified/warmed blastcysts, which can improve pregnant rate and embryo efficiency.