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Abstract Objectives To evaluate different types of perianal fistulas and their complications on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare plain, contrast, and jelly magnetic resonance fistulography findings. Materials and Methods This prospective study was performed in 30 patients who presented with perianal pus discharge or external fistulous opening. Magnetic resonance imaging of the perianal region before and after giving intravenous contrast and after injecting jelly through a percutaneous opening was performed on a 3T scanner and the results were correlated. Results The mean age of the patients was 40.13±13.88 years (range 19-75 years). The male to female ratio was 14:1. The most common type of fistula was St. James classification type I, which was seen in 13 patients (43%), followed by type IV in 30%, type III in 16%, type II in 6.66%, and type V in 3.33% of the patients. Using agreement analysis, we compared the number of primary and secondary tracts, internal openings, and horseshoe tracts and found a significant agreement between plain and post Jelly MRI fistulography (kappa statistic close to 1).When comparing plain and contrast MRI, there was significant agreement in the primary and secondary tracts, while statistically insignificant results were obtained (p>0.05) for the horseshoe tract and internal openings. Contrast injection was helpful in 7 subjects (23.3%) as peripheral enhancement of abscesses were better delineated. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging is the one stop diagnostic modality for perianal fistulas. Acquisition of axial (Ax) T2, axial T2 FS, coronal T2 and coronal T2 FS sequences without administering intravenous contrast or jelly is usually sufficient for the diagnosis of fistulas and their complications.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Rectal Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Anal Canal/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Keratins, the epithelial-predominant members of the intermediate filament superfamily, are expressed in a pairwise, tissuespecific and differentiation-dependent manner. There are 28 type I and 26 type II keratins, which share a common structurecomprising a central coiled coil a-helical rod domain flanked by two nonhelical head and tail domains. These domainsharbor sites for major posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation, which govern keratin functionand dynamics. Apart from providing structural support, keratins regulate various signaling machinery involved in cellgrowth, motility, apoptosis etc. However, tissue-specific functions of keratins in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation are still emerging. Altered keratin expression pattern during and after malignant transformation is reported tomodulate different signaling pathways involved in tumor progression in a context-dependent fashion. The current reviewfocuses on the literature related to the role of keratins in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation in different types of epithelia.
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Background: The femur is one of the long bones being thoroughly studied anatomically and has three parts; proximal, distal end and a long shaft. The angle between femur neck and angle with the long axis of shaft, are known as neck-shaft angle, collodiaphyseal angle, and also known as cervico-diaphyseal angle, angle of inclination, and femoral carrying angle, Neck – shaft angle is important regarding its stability, control of lateral balance, walking and facilitates hip movement. It varies with age, body structure, width of pelvis, being less in adult in persons short with limbs and in women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and department of radiology Government medical college Saharanpur, uttarprades, The antero-posterior view of pelvic radiograph taken from the Department of Radiology Government medical college Saharanpur, uttarprades.the70 samples were included in the study. Results: The mean right angle of inclination was 126.760±4.330 with range 1180-1350 and left angle of inclination was 128.100±5.340 with range 1180-1360. The overall angle of inclination was 127.420±4.530 with range 118.50-1350. Conclusion: The angle of inclination in adult human femur gives a basic structural and functional knowledge to prevent the abnormality with the help of orthopedic surgeon and society and mentian the stability, control of lateral balance, walking and facilitates hip joint movement, helpful to understand different aspect of clinical disease conditions, including changes in osteoporosis, common site of fracture, associated congenital anomalies as well as medicolegal cases.
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The aim of the present review was providing help for the assessment of the correct interpretation of gallbladder wall thickening and differential diagnosis at ultrasonography Gallbladder wall thickening is a frequent son graphic finding and has been subject of great interest for being considered as a hallmark feature of acute cholecystitis, despite the fact that such a finding is observed in a number of other medical conditions An appropriate characterization and interpretation of ultrasonography finding are of great importance, considering that the correct diagnosis has a direct impact on the treatment that in some cases includes surgery In this article, describe a set of son graphic finding that is an association with the clinical and laboratory findings can reduce the number of diagnostic hypotheses allowing a more accurate establishment of the cause for gallbladder wall thickening through a rational data evaluation Sonography is used as the initial imaging technique for evaluating patients with suspected acute calculus cholecystitis because of its high sensitivity at the detection of GB stones, real-time character, speed, and portability Cholescintigraphy has the highest sensitivity and specificity in the patients who are suspected of having acute cholecystitis The use of cholescintigraphy is limited in clinical practice Due to a combination of reasons including logistic drawbacks, broad imaging capability, and clinician referral pattern CT is particularly useful for evaluating the many complicated cases of acute calculous cholecystitis Relatively high cost of MRI and lack of widespread availability the MRI is prohibits its primary use in the patients with acute calculous cholecystitis The US are currently considered the preferred initial imaging technique for patients who are clinically suspected of having acute calculous cholecystitis