ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases, affecting up to 1% of the world's population. It is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder clinically characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and rounded plaques, covered by silvery micaceous scale. It has poorly understood etiology and presence of 50% positive family history. Drugs used now a day are basically immunosuppressive which have severe side effects along with remission of disease as well therefore holistic approach of Ayurveda can be a better approach to such disease. Psoriasis due to its different manifestation in different types can be correlated to different types of Kustha mentioned in Ayurveda. So the case being presented here is a male patient with red demarcated patches with severe itching in armpits, groin and nipple. Material and method: The patient was administered with Virechana with Trivritaavaleha followed by Shamana drugs. Results: After Virechana there was the complete improvement in itching and redness of patches was reduced to some extent but after using Shamana drugs there was moderate reduction in all the symptoms along with mild remission. Conclusion: There is need to develop a management for psoriasis which can give benefit on a long run without any adverse effects so, Ayurvedic system of medicine could be answer to this question.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the Indian subcontinent. A major challenge to clinical microbiology is the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as accurately as possible. Objective: Tthe most important tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis is direct microscopic examination of appropriately stained specimens for acid- fast bacilli and the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis is MTB convention culture on L-J media So, the present study was undertaken to compare smear microscopy by Z – N staining with conventional culture on L-J media, in cases of clinically suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Methods: 279 samples were processed within 24 hours of receipt. Samples from non-sterile sites were subjected to decontamination by the modified Petroff’s method. Sterile samples were directly processed as per conventional methods. Smear microscopy was done by Z- N staining and culture was done on L- J media. A control organism in the form of M. tuberculosis H37Rv was also tested with each batch of clinical isolates. Result: Results of smear microscopy and conventional culture of pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens were compared. 22 and 14 more cases were detected by culture as compared to smear in case of pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens respectively. Conclusion: From this study we can state that direct microscopic examination of appropriately stained Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary specimens for acid fast Bacilli is an important tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The Technique is simple, inexpensive and fast .However many Paucibacillary cases may be missed on smear microscopy. Thus specimens from all suspected cases of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis should be subjected to conventional culture on LJ media. This is the Gold Standard for Diagnosing Tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: The extensor musculature of the forearm and hand shows diverse variations. These can lead to various clinical conditions. Case Report: During routine cadaveric dissection, variations were observed in the muscles of extensor compartment of the forearm. Their anatomical relations were documented and the embryological basis and clinical importance was stressed upon. During routine cadaveric dissection in a formalin fixed 58 year old male cadaver, variations in the posterior compartment of the left forearmwere noted,measured and appropriately photographed. Observations: In the posterior compartment of the left forearm an accessorymusclewas found originating from the posterior surface of ulna, just distal to the origin of extensor indicis. It traversed along with the tendons of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis in a common compartment underneath the extensor retinaculum and inserted onto the dorsal surface of the base of the proximal phalanx lateral to the tendon of extensor digitorum for the middle finger. Also, the extensor digitorum muscle divided only into three tendons instead of four- one each for the index,middle and ring finger. The three tendons inserted normally via the dorsal digital expansion but, the tendon for the ring finger gave an additional slip on the ulnar aspect, which inserted separately onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger. Conclusion: Muscles in the extensor compartment of forearm may show diverse variations which have clinical relevance. Accessorymusclesmay be confused with soft tissue conditions like a ganglion. Supernumary tendons can be utilised for tendon transfers andmuscle grafts. These variationsmust be brought to the knowledge of the surgeons performing hand surgeries.
ABSTRACT
Terminalia catappa (almond) is a combretaceous plant whose leaves are widely used as a folk medicine for treatments of dermatitis, hepatitis, inflammatory disease, diabetes and other disease. This investigation was conceded out to evaluate the safety of aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa Linn. by determining its potential toxicity in rats. Study on acute toxicity of extract found to be safe at the doses 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines No.423. General behavior, sign of tremors, adverse effects and mortality activity were determined for up to 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, the aqueous extract of Terminalia Catappa linn. was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once in a week for 6 weeks to rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined after 6 weeks. In the acute study in rats, there was no toxicity/ death was observed at the dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. The onset of toxicity and signs of toxicity also not there. In the chronic toxicity study, no significant treatment-related changes in the levels of hematological, hepatic and renal parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid, protein and glucose, and serum ALP activities were observed at the termination of the study. It suggests that the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa linn. does not have significant toxicity. In view of the dose of Terminalia Catappa linn. devoted in traditional medicine, there is a broad margin of safety for the beneficial use of the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa linn. leaves.