ABSTRACT
Ultrasound is widely used to diagnose various conditions in neonates and infants like intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic insult, changes of birth asphyxia and congenital disorders of the ain like hydrocephalus, etc as it is easily available, simple and noninvasive and more important is that it lacks ionizing radiation. The present hospital-based study of cranial sonography (Trans-fontanellar ultrasound) done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, HNB Base government teaching hospital situated in Srinagar Garhwal, was done with the aim of assessing the burden of intracranial disorders in neonates and infants, especially the premature newborns who get admitted in neonatal intensive care units. A retrospective descriptive analysis was done on the data of 196 CUSG done.70.4 % CUSG were performed on neonates, 24.5% were performed on age group 29 days to 6 month age group and rest on age more than 6 months. The male-female gender ratio was 1: 0.96. The most common neonatal pathological conditions were changes of Hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (28.4 %). Cranial sonography is a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of neonatal and infant ain and is a well-established mode of making primary diagnosis.It is preferred because it can be rapidly performed and is a portable, cost-effective test.
ABSTRACT
Background: Analysis of skin diseases in the pediatric population and its trends reflects the health and nutritional status of a community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in children registered at the Dermatology OPD department of Hemawati Nandan Bahuguna Teaching Base Hospital, Srikot over a period of 1 year.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted at the Dermatology OPD department of HNB teaching hospital to determine the pattern of dermatoses in children aged 0 days to 17 years, between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. Cases with incomplete data, non-compliant to treatment and patients whose primary lesions are altered by the application of topical medication, not related to the existing disease were excluded from the study. The results were entered and tabulated in MS-excel sheet and descriptive analysis was done.Results: Out of 23,359 outpatients 6,274 (26.85%) were of a pediatric age with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The majority of the children belonged to young teens and teenagers (2377;37. 88%). Majority of pediatric dermatoses belonged to Infectious group (1373;21.88%) followed by Disorders of skin appendages (1087;17.33%) and Infestations (722;11.5%). The three most common diagnoses were Scabies (694;11.06%) followed by Fungal infections (568;10.43%) and Acne vulgaris (398;6. 34%).Conclusions: This study showed the current pattern of pediatric dermatoses in Garhwal region of Uttrakhand with a high frequency of infection and infestations with young teen and teenagers as the identified focus group for the need of intervention.