ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of the activating circulation to remove blood stasis through observingthe influence of Inonotus hispidus on hemorheology in the rat models with blood stasis due to cold syndrome..Methods:The rats were randomly divided into normal control group,blood stasis model group,positive control group,low and high doses ofInonotus hispidus (S1-S6) sample groups;there were 15 groups,and 12 rats were in each group.Except for normal control group,the rats in other groups were injected adrenaline hydrochloride and immersing in ice water to build the blood stasis due to cold syndrome rat models.The indexes of hemorheoloy of the rats were detected,and the HPLC spectrum-effect relationship was analyzed.Results:The yellow fruiting bodies (S3-S6) of Inonotus hispidus which were parasitic on the different trees significantly improved the hemorheological indexes in the rat models.Compared with model group,the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity of the rats in high dose of yellow fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus group were decreased (P＜0.05).The black fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus showed the similar effect to the yellow fruiting body,but the hemorheological indexes of the rats in black fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus group had no significant changes compared with model group (P ＞ 0.05).The results of the spectrum-effect showed that the corresponding components of 11 chromatographic peaks were closely correlated with the changes of plasma viscosity,and the correlation coefficient ＞ 0.8.Through identification,four compounds of them were named phellibaumin A,phelligridin C (cis),phelligridin C (trans),phelligridin D and 3'4'-dihydroxy-5-[(11-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-vinyl]-3,5-dioxa-fluoren-5-one.Conclusion:The yellow fruiting bodies of Inonotus hispidus which are parasitic on the different trees can decrease the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity and have the effects of activating the circulation to remove blood stasis.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at exploring the inhibitory effect behind its mechanism on acid-soluble polysaccharides from G.incamatum in transplanted H22 tumor mice.Different indices,including tumor inhibitory rate,organ index of liver,thymus and spleen,IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected for the evaluation of anti-tumor effects and the mechanism.Furthermore,HE staining and TUNEL assay were adopted to investigate the pathological changes of tumor tissue and cell apoptosis,respectively.As a result,the three dose groups of acidsoluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells,while organ indexes of spleen and thymus were improved and serum IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α increased.H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed the polysaccharides induced cell apoptosis,playing a significant role in the inhibition of tumor growth.In conclusion,acid-soluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum possessed significant anti-tumor effects,behind which the mechanism could be related to the regulation of immune regulation,cell apoptosis,and the protection of liver function.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the whole lichen of Usnea longissima.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the compounds isolated were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as (4aR,9bS)-2,6-diactyl-3,4a,7,9-tetrahydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1-oxo-1,4,4a, 9b-tetrahydrodibenzo [b,d]furan (1), (+)-usnic acid (2), orcinol (3), 18R-hydroxydihydroalloprotolichensterinic acid (4), 5, 8-epidioxy-5alpha, 8alpha-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (5), ethyl everninate (6), arabitol(7), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (8), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid(9), friedelin(10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 was a new compound. Compound 8 was isolated from genu Usnea for the first time and compounds 3, 4 and 7 were isolated from U. longissima for the first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Usnea , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of lichens of Usnea genus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A systematic literature survey was conducted to classifiy and summarize chemical constituents of lichens of Usnea genus, and sum up current studies on main pharmacological activities of lichens of the genus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Lichens of Usnea genus contained multiple chemical constituents, primarily including mono-substituted phenyl rings, depsides, anthraquinones, dibenzofurans, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids and polysaccharides, with such biological activities as antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and antithrombosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This essay provides reference for further studies and development of lichens of Usnea genus.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Organic Chemicals , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Usnea , ChemistryABSTRACT
The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Singer were studied in this paper. Thirteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by MS and NMR data analysis as adenosine (1), 2R, 3S, 4S, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxyheneicosanoylamino]-8-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (2), (2R, 3S, 4S, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-8-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (3), nicotinic acid (4), (4E, 8E) -2-N-2-hydroxytetracosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienine (5), D-mannitol (6), ergosteryl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), tuberoside (8), (2R, 3S, 4S, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxybehenoylamino]-8-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (9),(2R, 3S, 4S, 8E)-2-[(2'R) -2-hydroxytricosanoylamino] -8-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (10), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (11), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol (12), and 5alpha, 8alpha-epidiory-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (13), respectively. All the above compounds are first obtained from the mushroom and compounds 2-10 are reported to be obtained from the Lyophyllum for the first time.