Comparison of the effectivity of oral and intra-articular administration of tenoxicam in patients with knee osteoarthritis / Comparação da eficácia de tenoxicam administrado por via oral e intra-articular a pacientes com osteoartrite de joelhos

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Tenoxicam is widely used in osteoarthritis treatment and we aimedto compare the effectivity of oral and intra-articular administration of tenoxicam in osteoarthri-tis treatment.METHODS: This study was performed between 2011 and 2012 by retrospectively analyzing andcomparing the findings of 60 patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with kneedegenerative osteoarthritis in Bünyan state hospital pain policlinic. 60 patients included in thestudy were divided into two groups. The first group (tenoxicam IA, n = 30) included patientfindings of those subjected to intra-articular injection of 20 mg tenoxicam to the knee oncea week for three weeks and the second group (oral tenoxicam, n = 30) included patients whowere administered 20 mg oral tenoxicam once a day for three weeks. All patients were clini-cally evaluated pre-treatment and in the 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month post-treatmentaccording to specified criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty two of 60 patients included in the study were male and 38were female. In both groups significant improvements were detected in all of the observedparameters: visual analog scale, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (pain, physicalactivity, knee stiffness) and Lequesne index scores and in the evaluations performed in 1st week,1st month and 3rd month with respect to pre-treatment values. Besides, a better complianceto treatment and gastrointestinal system tolerability in tenoxicam IA group was also observed.Intra-articular tenoxicam administration could be thought as an alternative treatment methodin patients with knee osteoarthritis who cannot use oral tenoxicam especially due to systemicgastrointestinal system side effects and those who have difficulties in adapting to treatment.

RESUMOJUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Tenoxicam é amplamente usado no tratamento da osteoartrite (OA)e o nosso objetivo foi comparar a eficácia de tenoxicam administrado por via oral (VO) e intra-articular (IA) no tratamento da OA.MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi conduzido entre 2011 e 2012 por meio de análise retrospectiva ecomparação dos resultados de 60 pacientes que foram clínica e radiologicamente diagnosticadoscom OA degenerativa de joelhos na Policlínica de Tratamento da Dor do Hospital Estadual deBünyan. Os 60 pacientes incluídos no estudo foram alocados em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo(tenoxicam IA, n = 30) incluiu resultados de pacientes submetidos à injeção nos joelhos porvia IA de 20 mg de tenoxicam uma vez por semana durante três semanas e o segundo grupo(tenoxicam VO, n = 30) incluiu pacientes que receberam 20 mg de tenoxicam por VO uma vezpor dia durante três semanas. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente na fase basalpré-tratamento e em uma semana, um mês e três meses pós-tratamento, de acordo com oscritérios especificados.RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Dos 60 pacientes, 22 eram do sexo masculino e 38 do sexo feminino.Em ambos os grupos, melhorias significativas foram detectadas em todos os parâmetros da escalavisual analógica, do índice Western Ontario and MacMaster (Womac --- dor, atividade física erigidez dos joelhos) e do índice de Lequesne nas avaliações feitas em uma semana, um mês etrês meses e comparadas aos valores basais. Além disso, uma melhor adesão ao tratamento etolerabilidade ao sistema gastrointestinal no grupo tenoxicam IA também foram observadas. Aadministração de tenoxicam IA pode ser considerada como um método opcional de tratamentoem pacientes com OA de joelhos que não podem usar tenoxicam por VO, especialmente porcausa dos efeitos colaterais sobre o sistema gastrintestinal, e naqueles com dificuldades de adaptação ao tratamento.

Blood gas analyzer utility in evaluating oxygen kinetics of the aqueous humor / Utilidade de um analisador sanguíneo de gás para a avaliação cinética do oxigênio no humor aquoso

Purpose: To measure the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH of aqueous humor (AH) and arterial blood samples from rabbits using a blood gas analyzer. Methods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine and xylazine and were then allowed to breathe room air. Using a gas blood analyzer, arterial blood and AH samples were analyzed for PO2, PCO2, and pH. Results: The mean arterial blood pressure was 87.14 ± 15.0 mmHg. The mean blood and AH PO2 were 95.18 ± 11.76 mmHg and 88.83 ± 9.92 mmHg, the mean blood and AH PCO2 were 25.86 ± 5.46 mmHg and 29.50 ± 5.36 mmHg, and the mean blood and AH pH were 7.38 ± 0.06 and 7.33 ± 0.09, respectively. Conclusion: Conclusions: The blood gas analyzer was easily employed to evaluate the aqueous humor in rabbits. When comparing the results of studies evaluating aqueous PO2, care should be taken to determine the methods used in these studies. .

Objetivo: Medir a pressão parcial de oxigênio (PO2) e dióxido de carbono (PCO2), e o pH de humor aquoso (AH) e de amostras de sangue arterial de coelhos. Método: Vinte coelhos New Zealand foram anestesiados por via intramuscular com cetamina e xilazina, em seguida, foram liberados a respirar o ar ambiente. Utilizando um analisador sanguíneo de gás, amostras de sangue arterial e AH foram analisadas para PO2, PCO2, e pH. Resultados: A pressão arterial média foi de 87,14 ± 15,0 mmHg. A PO2 média do sangue e AH foi 95,18 ± 11,76 mmHg e 88,83 ± 9,92 mmHg; a PCO2 média do sangue e AH foi de 25,86 ± 5,46 mmHg e 29,50 ± 5,36 mmHg; o pH médio do sangue e AH foi 7,38 ± 0,06 e 7,33 ± 0,09, respectivamente. Conclusões: O analisador de gases no sangue foi facilmente empregadas para avaliar o humor aquoso em coelhos. Quando se comparam os resultados de estudos que avaliaram PO2 do humor aquoso, deve ser tomado cuidado para determinar os métodos utilizados nestes estudos. .

The investigation of airway management capacity of v-gel and cobra-PLA in anaesthetised rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the applicability and airway management capacity of v-gel(r) and Cobra PLA in rabbit anaesthesia during assisted (AV) or controlled ventilation (CV). METHODS: This study was carried out in 44 adult New Zealand white rabbit. Baseline arterial pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 values were recorded. Anaesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg xylasine and 35 mg/kg ketamine HCI combination. AV rabbits were assigned as; control (CG-AV; n=5), LMA (LMA-AV; n=5), cobra PLA (PLA-AV; n=5) and v-gel (v-gelAV; n=5). Rabbits have CV were also assigned as; ET (ET-CV; n=6), LMA (LMA-CV; n=6), cobraPLA (PLA-CV; n=6) and v-gel (v-gelCV; n=6). All measurements were repeated 1st, 5th, 15th and 30th mins during anaesthesia. RESULTS: The less insertion time, number of attempt and complications are recorded in v-gel applied rabbits compared to other apparatus. For arterial pH values significant differences are recorded in especially at 15th and 30th min between groups of CV (p<0.005 or p<0.001). All groups had similar results with each other during anaesthesia for PaCO2 except for LMA-CV group. CONCLUSION: The v-gel may be used as airway device in rabbit anaesthesia undergoing AV or CV and also can be a suitable alternative to endotracheal tubes and laryngeal mask airway. .

Comparison of effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on QTc prolongation in rabbits under general anesthesia

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine, used to antagonize the effects of rocuronium, on the QTc interval. METHODS: This study used 10 adult New Zealand white rabbits of 2.5-3.5 kg randomly divided into two groups: sugammadex group (Group S, n:5) and neostigmine group (Group N, n:5). For general anesthesia administering 2 mg/kg iv propofol and 1 mcg/kg iv fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg iv rocuronium was given. Later to provide reliable airway for all experimental animals V-Gel Rabbit was inserted. The rabbits were manually ventilated by the same anesthetist. After the V-Gel Rabbit was inserted at 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 40 minutes measurements were repeated and recorded. At 25 minutes after induction Group N rabbits were given 0.05 mg/kg iv neostigmine + 0.01 mg/kg iv atropine. Group S were administered 2 mg/kg iv sugammadex. RESULTS: Comparing the QTc interval in the rabbits in Group S and Group N, in the 25th, 27th and 30th minute after muscle relaxant antagonist was administered the QTc interval in the neostigmine group rabbits was significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: While sugammadex, administered to antagonize the effect of rocuronium, did not significantly affect the QTc interval, neostigmine+atropine proloned the QTc interval. .