Differences between Sexes in Muscle Activity during Hip Flexion with Pelvic Rotation : Electromyographic Analysis / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Purpose : We verified electromyogram activity during hip flexion under different pelvic rotation positions, investigated the effects of pelvic rotational position and defined the difference between males and females. Subjects : 15 healthy adults (5 male, 10 female) with a mean age of 28.8 years participated in this study. Method : We recorded surface electromyograms of the tensor fasciae latae muscle (TFL), rectus femoris muscle (RF), biceps femoris muscle (BF), semitendinosus muscle (ST), and the bilateral internal oblique muscle (OI) during flexion of the hip joint in a supine position with three different pelvis rotation conditions. Results : Males showed no significant differences at all muscle activity levels. Meanwhile, TFL muscle activities were significantly higher for females in other side rotation of the pelvis than in the pelvis neutral position (<i>p</i><0.05). Moreover, opposite side of OI muscle was activated significantly highly in both side rotation position (<i>p</i><0.05). Conclusion : Generally, the transverse diameter of the pelvis in females is longer than that in males. When the lower extremity is elevated in the pelvis rotation positions, the moment of force on the pelvis is thought to be higher in females. Therefore, the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis, like the OI, need to be activated isometrically in females.

Quantitative study of osteoclastic related factors in the process of bone reconstruction / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of osteoclast related factors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), in the process of bone remodeling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were employed in this study to detect the expression of osteoclast related factors by real time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TNF-alpha, RANKL and TRAP were up regulated in the process of bone remodeling, they reached the peak on day 2, 5 and 10 individually after injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osteoclast related factors also participate in bone remodeling, which depends on the delicate balance between bone formation and bone resorption.</p>

The Comparison of the Effects of Alcohol and Acetone on Green Fluorescent Protein Intensity / 解剖科学进展

Objective To find out a proper way to detect green fluorescent protein (GFP). Methods Kidneys, livers and femurs from GFP transgenic mice and C57BL/6J wild type mice were employed for in vivo study.The samples were dehydrated with alcohol and acetone individually before embedding, then frozen, paraffin and resin sections were made for the detection of GFP. C3 P12 cells which derived from calvaria bone cells of GFP transgenic mouse were used for the detection of GFP in vitro. Cells were exposed to alcohol, acetone and PBS after paraformaldehyde fixation. Laser scanning microscopy was employed for GFP detection. Results In frozen sections, both kidney and liver samples which exposed to 4% buffered paraformaldehyde fixation had strong GFP signals, while GFP signal disappeared completely in fresh frozen sections without fixation. Much stronger GFP intensity was found in acetone treated samples than in alcohol treated paraffin sections, but without apparent difference in GFP intensity in acetone and alcohol treated resin samples. Acetone and alcohol made no difference in fixed C3 cells in different time courses. Conclusion Acetone treated paraffin sections are preferable for GFP detection.