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BACKGROUND:The connection between high-level central nervous system and spinal cord and peripheral nerve under injury level is blocked by traumatic spinal cord injury,and the whole function of the body is thereby influenced.The loss of motor function and feeling both severely affect the patient's life quality in views of physiology,psychology,function and social economics.RNA interference is an effective method to silence target genes,which provides a new treatment strategy for spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To explore the application status of RNA interference in spinal cord injury.METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved using the keywords of "RNA interference,RNAi,spinal cord injury" in English and Chinese,respectively.The articles addressing the application of RNA interference in spinal cord injury were collected and reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 44 articles were enrolled.It is urgent to find a new way to treat spinal cord injury.Compared with the traditional gene silencing technology,RNA interference owing to high specificity,high efficiency,high stability and high penetrability is considered to be a new direction for the studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of spinal cord injury.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the regulatory role and mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in the development and hatching of mouse blastocysts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Kunming female mice were superovulated and then mated with mature male mice. On the day 2.5 of their pregnancy, morulae were flushed from their uterine horns with culture media. Morulae were cultured in different concentrations of N-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or the combination of L-NAME and SNP in culture media for 48 hours. The development and hatching of blastocysts were examined on day 4 and day 5 and the total numbers of blastocyst cells and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3) were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the increase of the concentration of L-NAME or SNP, the hatching rate of blastocysts and the total number of blastocyst cells were significantly reduced. The addition of 10 nmol/L SNP in culture media with 5 mmol/L L-NAME significantly increased the development of blastocysts and promoted hatching of blastocysts. However, with increase of SNP concentration in culture media with 5 mmol/L L-NAME, the development and hatching rates of blastocysts were significantly decreased. L-NAME had no obvious effect on the expression of active caspase 3 in blastocyst cells. However,when being above 500 nmol/L,SNP significantly increased the expression of caspase 3 in blastocyst cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NO plays an important role in development and hatching of mouse blastocysts. Excessively high or low NO can damage the division of blastomeres, resulting in the failure of the blastocyst development and hatching. Also, excessively high NO can lead to the apoptosis of the blastocyst cells.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Arginine , Blastocyst , Culture Media , Nitric Oxide , Nitroprusside , UterusABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo summarize the initial experience of transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery of urology.MethodsFrom February 2010 to March 2011,21 patients underwent laparoendoscopic single-site surgery using transumbilical single-site and common surgical instruments of laparoendoscopic.Nine patients underwent single-site laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,5 underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic ureteral stricture resection and anastomosis,5 underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic renalcyst unroofing and 2 had a nephrectomy.All of the cases were definitely diagnosed.A single umbilical incision of 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm was made for Triport.The procedures were performed according to the methods used in classical laparoscope methods using general instruments.ResultsAll the operations were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The mean operative time of ureterolithotomy was 143 (120-230) min,the mean operative time of ureteral stricture resection and anastomosis was 157 (120 -180) min,the mean operative time of unroofing of renal cysts was 110 (95 -132) min,and the operative time of the nephrectomy was from 95 to 120 min.The intestinal tract function recovered within 1 -2 d,the drainage tube was removed within 2 -3 d and the postoperative hospitalization duration was 4 -7 d.The symptoms were reduced or disappeared and no major intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred within 4 - 6 months.Conclusions Transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery represents a safe and feasible operation for urologic patients.With more clinical practice,laparoendoscopic single-site surgery could be generally applied.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC).MethodsA total of 398 patients with renal carcinoma were hospitalized from January 1999 to October 2010,and there were 18 patients with MCRCC.The data of clinical diagnosis and treatment of these cases were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsMCRCC accoumted forrenal carcinoma in the same period was 4.52％( 18/398 ).According to TNM staging,5 cases were in stage pT1N0M0,13 cases in stage pT2N0M0.There were 8 cases in G1 phase,10 cases in G2 phase.Conclusions The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC is difficult to differentiate,and mainly based on CT,especially spiral CT.It should be treated mainly with radical nephrectomy,and nephron sparing surgery in some cases.
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Objective To develop and evaluate a porcine model for laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation (LUR) training. Methods Ten female pigs with a mean weight of 30 kg were used and the animals were placed on supine position after anesthesia. One 10 mm port and two 5 mm ports were placed after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. The horn of uterus was used as "ureter". A model simulating the performance of LUR was then established on the mini-pigs. Four trainees per-formed the LUR procedures on the animal models during an advanced laparoscopic urology training course, following the technique criteria exactly used in LUR. The learning curve was analyzed in terms of operation time. Results The porcine model for laparoscopic training was established suc-cessfully and 4 LUR trainings was performed on each porcine. Each trainee performed 10 LURs on the models during the training course. The operation time declined from 170±10 rain initially to 90±4 rain after the training course (P<0.01). At the end of this training, all trainees could accomplish a watertight LUR procedure on the model. Conclusions The establishment of the training model is feasible. The trainees could acquire skills needed to perform LUR in vivo based on this simple model and to develop dexterity and facility in laparoscopic manipulation of needles and sutures as well. The model provides a platform for basic techniques training of the ureteral reconstruction procedures.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of the combined therapy of medication with local hyperthermia with that of the simple local hyperthermia therapy in the treatment of pain symptoms of chronic prostatitis (CP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six CP patients aged 18-48 (mean 29.2 +/- 3.8) years, with the disease course of 3.5-180 (mean 8.0 +/- 1.2) months and NIH-CPSI pain score > or = 14, were equally randomized into a treatment group and a control. The former was treated by applying the CRS-2280E extraorgan short-wave capacitance field hyperthermia system to the prostate once an hour every other day for 7 times, combined with anal administration of 1 Qianliean suppository and oral doxazosin 4 mg before bedtime every night for 2 weeks, while the latter underwent simple local hyperthermia. All the patients were scored on NIH-CPSI and the therapeutic results were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pre- and post-treatment NIH-CPSI scores were (23.9 +/- 3.8) and (5.2 +/- 3.1) (P < 0.01) in the treatment goup and (24.5 +/- 4.3) and (11.6 +/- 3.4) (P < 0.01) in the control; the pre- and post-treatment scores on NIH-CPSI pain symptoms were (16.5 +/- 1.9) and (3.1 +/- 2.2) (P < 0.01) in the former and (15.9 +/- 1.7) and (8.2 +/- 2.0) (P < 0.01) in the latter. The total score on NIH-CPSI and that on NIH-CPSI pain symptoms were both significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control (P < 0.01). Within the treatment group, the score on NIH-CPSI pain symptoms was even more significantly improved in patients with the first attacks than in those already treated by other means (P < 0.01). No adverse effects were observed in either of the groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the combined therapy of medication with local hyperthermia and simple local hyperthermia are effective, safe and tolerable in the treatment of CP pain symptoms, and the former is even more desirable, particularly for those with the first attacks of the symptoms.</p>