Clinical Features of Adult/Adolescent Atopic Dermatitis and Chinese Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczema/AD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients (12 years and over) with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected (1369 male and 1293 female). Of all 2662 patients, 2062 (77.5%) patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 (22.5%) patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (80.4%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four (43.0%) patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.</p>

Study on the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who have sex with men under the experience of exchanging money for the same sex / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who havesex with men (MSM) who ever exchanged money for the same sex. Methods Target sampling forcross-sectional study and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences ofAIDS-related high risk behaviors between MSM with the experience of exchanging money for thesame sex and those without that experience. 1959 rstadied samples were recruited in nine cities. SPSS13.0 was used and t, x 2 and Mann-Whitney tests were taken for statistical analysis. ResultsCompared to corresponding ones without "buying" the same sex experience, MSM who ever engagedin "buying" sex had the characteristics of being prone to in marriage and living in larger cities witholder age and higher income (P＜0.01). They also had a significant larger number in the followingevents: total sexual panners, anal sex and oral sex episodes with same sex, number of sexualpartners, anal sex and oral sex in the previous six months, with the figure of median 50.0, 20.0,20.0, 5.0,4.0,5.0 respectively. 31.5% had ever participated in 'group sex', 48.0% had sex with malepartners away from his own region in the previous year, 70.5% had sexual intercourse withstrangers at MSM avenues in the last six months. The OR (95% CI) values were 2.288( 1.702-3.077), 3.231 (2.462-4.241 ), 2.840 (2.140-3.770). All the above mentioned figures werehigher than those without the experience, with significant differences. They had a significant lower rate of 45.7% of condom use while having sex with female partners (P＜0.05). Conclusion MSM with the experience of exchanging money for the same sex would have more AIDS-related high risk behaviors, AIDS preventative measures should be taken to target different subgroups.

Study on the association of partner-seeking and high risk behaviors related to AIDS among men who have sex with men in the different sites / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the situation of AIDS-related high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) ever experienced partner-seeking in different sites. Methods Target sampling for cross-sectional study ( "snowball" ) and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS. 1834 MSM were studied in nine cities who sought sex partners through internet, bars or bath ponds. Results Compared to the other corresponding groups, those MSM from the bath pond group had a significant larger number of total sexual partners, chances of having anal and oral sex with same sex, and ones of anal sex in the previous six months with the median number as 40, 16, 20 and 4 respectively. Interact group had a higher rate of bleeding (36.4%) when having sexual intercourse in the previous year and a lower proportion of 8.7% exchanged sex for money, and 14.9% and 13.3% in both bar and bath pond groups respectively. Bar group had significant lower rates of condom use with 79.6% while having sex with men and 45.3% with women, but higher rates(28.9% ) ever participated in group sex in the last year and 4.2% with H1V infection. Conclusion MSM had high risk behaviors related to AIDS appeared in different sites when seeking partners. Intervention strategy should be taken, according to the characteristics of different subpopulations, especially on the bath pond group.

Study on the high risk behaviors related to AIDS among men who having sex with men in the floating population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the risks on sexual behaviors related to AIDS among men who having sex with men (MSM) in floating population and to develop relevant interventions. Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted. Male sexual behaviors were compared between floating population and permanent registered residents.Results Among those MSM, the average numbers of same-gender partners, oral sex, anal sex and sex with females during the past 6 months among floating population were 9.61, 8.61, 7.52 and 1.17 respectively. Numbers of partners on oral sex and anal sex during the past month were 2.89 and 3.69 respectively. Both figures were higher than those of the permanent registered residents (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). The rates of condom use among floating population when having anal sex with men or with non-marital female partners were 37.15% and 23.28% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among floating population, the percentages of men who had sex with male sex workers or who had sex with men acquainted through inter-net or with stable female sex partners were 17.89%, 12.56%, and 31.86% respectively. The rates of men who had group sex among gay men, who bled when having sex with men or who had sex with men from other areas during the past year were 22.13%, 31.38% and 32.36% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Sex-related high risk behaviors were more ubiquitous among floating population than those of permanent registered residents because they were more likely to transmit HIV to people from/to other areas. More attention should be paid to the floating population with MSM in particular, when health interventions are carried out.

The impact of childhood sexual abuse on the development of AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.

Study on HIV/AIDS related high risk behaviors among unmarried men who have sex with women / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the risk of sexual behaviors related to AIDS among unmarried men who often have sex with women.Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted.Men' s sexual behaviors were compared with each other between the group of men who always had sex with women (group A) and who never had sex with women (group B) in the past 6 months.Results The average numbers of same-gender partners among group A who acted as the male role in the past 6 months and who had anal intercourse in the last month were 5.64 and 3.09 respectively,which were both higher than those of group B's (P＜ 0.05).The rate of condom use among men in group A when having sex with men was 81.94% .The percentages of condom use among men in group A who having had oral or anal sex with male sex buyers last time were 15.38% and 70.27% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B' s (P＜0.05 or 0.01 ).The rates of men in group A who were male sex workers and who having had sex with unknown men in gay places during the past 6 months were 27.59% and 61.70% respectively.Among group A,the percentages of men who had had sex with unknown men during the last time and who had had sex with nonlocal male partners during the past year were 43.06% and 40.28% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B's (P＜0.01).The percentage of condom use among men in group A when having had sex with women during the past 6 months was 68.94%,but only 25.96% of the men used condom regularly.The rate of condom use in men from group A when having sex with women during the last sexual intercourse was 65.45%.Conclusion HIV high-risk sex behaviors were more ubiquitous among unmarried MSM who always had sex with women,suggesting that different interventions be developed to prevent them from transmitting HIV from MSM to women or other men.

Study on the comparison of high risk behaviors related to AIDS among different status of income in men who have had sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of socioeconomic status on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and clinicaltreatments of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Beijing.Methods In Beijing, a prospective, muhi-center, registration study was carried out which including 800 patients who were consecutively hospitalized for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours after event attack in 19 different hospitals in Beijing between November, 2005 and December, 2006.Indicators of socioeconomic status included self-reported personal income (＜500, 500-2000,＞2000 RMB/month), educational attainment (≤ 12 and ＞ 12 years) and status of medical insurance (yes/no).According to categories of education, patients were categorized into two groups of lower socioeconomic status and higher socioeconomic status. Differences of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical treatments were compared across the two groups respectively. Results Proportion of diabetes and hyperlipidemia in patients with higher socioeconomic status was much higher than that of patients with lower socioeconomic status (P＜0.05, P＜0.01 respectively). Patients with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be smokers (P ＜0.05). The rates of receiving coronary angiography and PTCA were much lower in patients with lower socioeconomic status. Medical insurance and income were the most important two socioeconomic factors determining the use of PTCA. Conclusion Compared to patients with lowersocioeconomic status,patients with higher socioeconomic status had higher rates of hyperlipidemia and diabetes but lower smoking rate among cardiovascular risk factors. The rates of receiving interventional therapies were much lower in patients with lower socioeconomic status.