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Background: Anoectochilusorchids have been widely used as medicine. However, it has been overharvested in nature because of high commercial values. This study aims at identifying distribution ranges and ecological characteristics of Anoectochilusorchids serving for sustainable development and describing traditional uses by ethnic people in Lai Chau Province, North Vietnam.Methods: Twenty-one plots of 100 m2each (10 m × 10 m) were established for ecological survey and stand structures were analyzed for vegetation characteristics. While interviewing was applied to gather information on harvesting method, marketing, and medicinal uses.Results: Three Anoectochilusorchids (A. lanceolatus, A.calcareus, and A. setaceus) were found in Lai Chau Province, North Vietnam. These species distribute in both evergreen old-growth and secondary broadleaved forests, and mixed broadleaf-bamboo forest on the elevations of 996–2,134 m. They grow in forests with a high canopy cover of 67 m2canopy area/ 100 m2land and high cover (> 90% land) of low vegetation (< 2 m tall). It is believed that using the whole plant of Anoectochiluscan treat hypertension and diabetes mellitus and improve the development of underdeveloped children. The folk uses include soaking in alcohol and boiled water for daily drinks like green tea, and consuming as a vegetable. The best harvesting season is during Autumn–Winter and fresh product is mainly marketed with the price of up to 100 U$D/1 kg fresh mass.Conclusion:A. lanceolatus, A.calcareusand A. setaceusare potential forest herbs for poverty reduction to ethnic communities in North Vietnam. The natural populations have been reduced remarkably because of overharvesting. Growing techniques are an urgent need for the conservation and sustainable development of such valuable orchids
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Background: Hearing loss in children is a common entity worldwide. This study examined the prevalence of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam.Methods: A cross sectional was conducted among pre-schoolers aged 2-5 years in Hanoi, Vietnam to determine the prevalence of hearing loss according to the method recommended by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH): a two-step Automated Oto-Acoustic Emissions (AOAE) program, completed by an Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) for the positive diagnosis of hearing impairment.Results: In total, there were 7,191 preschoolers and kindergarten screened. Three hundred and thirty-seven (4.7%) of children screened failed and were referred for further testing. The percentage of children with true hearing loss was 4.4% confirmed by ABR test. Majority of the hearing loss children was conductive hearing loss (70.4%). Mild hearing loss (21'?40 dB) accounted for almost half of the children with hearing loss.Conclusions: This study provides the first estimates of audiometrically measured hearing loss prevalence among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study found that hearing loss is common among pre-primary school children in the country. Routine hearing screening of school-age children should be included in annual school health programs in Vietnam.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone isolated from the bark of Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.@*METHODS@#Column chromatography was used for isolation of compounds from plant material. The structure of the isolated compound was identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, including HSQC, HMBC, NOE-difference experiments. The isolated compound was tested for its anti-proliferative activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and OCI-AML cells.@*RESULTS@#Compound 1 was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Dacrycarpus imbricatus barks by column chromatography. Its chemical structure was identified as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), a cholestane-type ecdysteroid, by a combination of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses. Our goal was to test the anti-proliferative activity of 20HE using the OCI-AML cell line. 20HE significantly decreased OCI cell number at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, whereas lower concentrations were ineffective. Moreover, this decrease was due to partial blockage of the G/S phase of the cell cycle, with a reduction of cells in the GM phase, not due to increased apoptosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This indicates that 20HE significantly decreases the number of cells in the G/S phase of the cell cycle in human AML cells. This is the first time that the anti-proliferative activity of 20HE against a human tumor cell line has been reported.
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Objective To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone isolated from the bark of Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. Methods Column chromatography was used for isolation of compounds from plant material. The structure of the isolated compound was identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, including HSQC, HMBC, NOE-difference experiments. The isolated compound was tested for its anti-proliferative activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and OCI-AML cells. Results Compound 1 was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Dacrycarpus imbricatus barks by column chromatography. Its chemical structure was identified as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), a cholestane-type ecdysteroid, by a combination of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses. Our goal was to test the anti-proliferative activity of 20HE using the OCI-AML cell line. 20HE significantly decreased OCI cell number at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, whereas lower concentrations were ineffective. Moreover, this decrease was due to partial blockage of the G
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antitumor effect of maesopsin 4-O-β-glucoside (TAT2) isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus tonkinensis (A. tonkinensis) A. Chev. ex Gagnep.@*METHODS@#The antitumor activity of TAT2 was evaluated in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c mice had tumors induced by implantation with 2 × 10(6) LLC cells into the subcutaneous right posterior flank. Tumor-bearing mice were treated orally with a range of doses of TAT2 and a standard drug, doxorubicin. Animals were observed for tumor growth and mortality rate. Blood was collected to determine hematological and biochemical parameters.@*RESULTS@#TAT2 was isolated from an ethanolic extract of A. tonkinensis leaves. Its structure was determined by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and identified as TAT2. The compound did not show acute toxicity at the highest dose tested (2000 mg/kg body weight). TAT2 exhibited antitumor activity by decreasing tumor growth, increasing the survival rate, and ameliorating some hematological and biochemical parameters at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#These results indicate that TAT2 possesses clear antitumor activity. Due to its bioavailability and low toxicity, and the fact that it could be isolated in a large scale from A. tonkinensis leaves, the compound shows promise as a potential anticancer drug.
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Objective: To investigate the antitumor effect of maesopsin 4-O-β-glucoside (TAT2) isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus tonkinensis (A. tonkinensis) A. Chev. ex Gagnep. Methods: The antitumor activity of TAT2 was evaluated in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c mice had tumors induced by implantation with 2 × 10
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Objectives: The overall goal is to reduce the prevalence of vitamin and mineral deficiencies including vitamin A, iron and zinc deficiencies. The project will continue its efforts to prevent the population from falling back into deficiency. Over the project, 4 type of fortified food are produced: soya sauce, fish sauce, vegetable oil and flavoring powders for >55 million people (50% of the total population) throug >20 manufacturers Methods: Micronutrient deficiency is public health problem in Vietnam. Iron status has improved but a large part of the population continues to be deficient for zinc and vitamin A or has a marginal status for all the bio-indicators tested. With the support of the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in Vietnam began to fortify fish sauce in 2005, following studies showed the positive impact of fish sauce fortification. The second phase of the four year projects subsidizes fortificant for the producers over one year in Vietnam; provides technical support in the area of production and standards to get mandatory fortification in place. Results: 16 food producers signed a commitment to join in the project. Vitamin A-fortified oil, vitamin A-fortified granules, iron fortified fish sauce, iron-fortified soya sauce are introduced to Vietnam consumers. Fortification legislation is developed and revised by the government. The food law contains an article on fortification which stipulates that micronutrient fortification is mandatory if it can be shown the corresponding deficiency constitute a public health problem. Conclusions: The project begun in 9/2011 and be concluded in 10/2015.
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PURPOSE: The goal of this registry was to collect patient characteristics and safety data from patients from the Asia-Pacific region with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy containing docetaxel (Taxotere(R)). METHODS: This registry was open-label, international, longitudinal, multicenter, and observational in design and included a prospective group of consecutive early breast cancer patients with an intermediate-to-high risk of recurrence being treated with various docetaxel-based (anthracycline and non-anthracycline) adjuvant chemotherapy regimens during 2009-2013 in real-world clinical settings. RESULTS: The analysis included 1,712 patients, 79% of whom received docetaxel-based, anthracycline-containing regimens, while 21% received non-anthracycline-containing regimens. Patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy were followed for 1.5 years. Chemotherapy-related adverse events (AEs) were reported by 76.2% of patients (anthracycline-containing vs. non-anthracycline-containing regimens: 76.8% vs. 74.1%). Serious AEs were reported in 12% of patients (12.3% vs. 10%). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher neutropenia was reported in 20% of patients (21.6% vs. 13.9%), leukopenia in 7.4% of patients (5.4% vs. 14.8%), and vomiting in 1.6% of patients (1.8% vs. 0.6%). Treatment-related death was reported in 27 patients (1.6%), while only 3% of patients had a relapse. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratios increased after chemotherapy. A clinically insignificant reduction of 1.9% in left ventricular ejection fraction, from 66.43 to 64.53, was observed 1.5 years after therapy was completed. CONCLUSION: The Asia-Pacific Breast initiative II registry identified a variety of important facts regarding patient population characteristics, disease epidemiology and treatment response for early breast cancer patients of the Asia-Pacific region receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Docetaxel-based chemotherapy did not show any significant safety concerns for early breast cancer patients of the Asia-Pacific region, and thus may represent a safe adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for these patients.
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Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Cholesterol , Drug Therapy , Epidemiology , Leukopenia , Lipoproteins , Neutropenia , Population Characteristics , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Registries , Stroke Volume , VomitingABSTRACT
Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex Immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to further investigate the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.
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Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based-case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to shed further light on the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.
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This study was focused on determining Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) in 33 indigenous plants and 12 soil in-situ plant samples in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. The results showed that the soils of surveyed mining areas contained 181.2- 6754.3 mg kg-1 As, 235.5-4337.2 mg kg-1 Pb, 0.8- 419 mg kg-1 Cd and 361.8-17565.1 mg kg-1 Zn depending on the characteristics of each mining site. These values are much higher than those typical for normal soil. The heavy metal uptake into shoots and roots of 33 indigenous plant species was also determined. Two species of the plants investigated, Pteris vittata L. and Pityrogramma calomelanos L. were As hyperaccumulators, containing more than 0.1% heavy metals in their shoots. Eleusine indica L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Equisetum ramosissimum (Vauch) accumulate very high Pb (0.15-0.65%) and Zn (0.22-1.56%) concentration in their roots. Additional experiments to clarify the potential of six these plants as good candidates for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution soil are being carried out in our laboratory.
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With regard to biopathology, diabetes- induced foot ulcers caused by nerve pathology and artery and vessel lesions. The foot’s lesions was often easy to treat because they were small and secondly surinfection. The nerve pathology caused deformation and sensation disorders. The ulcer’s position arranged in gradual decreased order: fingers, skin area opposite the tip of foot bone, middle area of foot and heel. S.aureus and Streptococcus sp. were the two most common bacteria in surface infections. Inversely, in deep infections, bacteria often changed and combined strains. Local care had an important role in the treatment.
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Diabetes Complications , Foot Ulcer , Clinical Medicine , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer affecting men after lung cancer. The incidence increase proportionally with older age: 30% in 50-59 years old group, 40% in 60-70 years old group, 67% in 80-89 years old group, 100% in over 100 years old group. There were about 180.000 cases with prostate cancer in America in 2000 year. The disease is more common in Europe countries than that in Asian countries, and more common in black people than in white people. The ratio of prostate cancer in people with meat and fat diet is higher than that in people with vegetables and soy-bean diet. The most effective treatment is local treatment: prostatectomy or radiotherapy with model technique. Early detection is according to PSA control. It is necessary to test PSA for all over 55 years people
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Prostatic Neoplasms , DietABSTRACT
In this prospective study, 56 re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear-positive were examined to investigate possible variations in plasma rifampicin concentration using fixed dose combination drugs. 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration were measured by HPLC method among 56 smear-positive re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Results: Plasma rifampicin concentrations were generally low: 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration below 8mg/ml (93% and 86% of patients, respectively), 55% and 46% of patients had plasma concentration below 4mg/ml (at 2-hour and 3-hour time point, respectively). Although treatment at the same dose levels, there is high variable between individual patients in plasma rifampicin concentration. Plasma rifampicin concentrations at 3 hours after dosed were higher than at 2 hours in most of patients.
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Rifampin , TuberculosisABSTRACT
Oxidative stress plays a role in pathogenesis of series of diseases, particularly in induction of cell membrane injuries and modification of DNA of lymphocytes, leading to the cell's loss. In this paper we presented the results obtained from the application of MTT technique in cell culture to assess the antioxidative activities of the extracts from Polygonum multiflorum and Chrysanthemum indicum on cultured murines splenocytes
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Plants, Medicinal , Oxidative Stress , DiseaseABSTRACT
Study on oxidant stress status in rat with carrageenan-induced inflammation and intervention’s ability with Artocarpus tonkinensis extract and the aqueous extract (unidentified scientific name), collected in Phu Tho. Results: carragenin 1% injection into sole of the foot of white mice that caused paw edema in mice after 4 hours. The edema status gained medium value of 118.98±15.94mg in sole of the foot. Mivce was preventively administrated by oral diclofenac. Flavonoid extract from Artocarpus tonkinensis leaves and the aqueous extract in studying doses had reduced clearly edema. There were significantly decreases in SOD activities of inflammation mice and increases of MDA level - an indicator of lipid superoxide reaction - in correlation with inflammation status of different mice groups. There was a positive correlation between edema level of mice groups and MDA levels
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Mice , Plants, Medicinal , Superoxide Dismutase , Carrageenan , InflammationABSTRACT
Studying one kind of tonic traditional recipe steeped in alcohol that has the effect of nourishing blood and strengthening vigor. It contains more than 20 basic traditional medicaments (ashweed, liquorice, medlar seeds…). This traditional recipe was steeped into good rice wine during 15-20 days, putting more 200-300g of honey or malt sugar that was cooked from sticky rice into the wine decanter, mixes thoroughly then put it away. This mixture could be used after 15-20 days. Instruction for use: drink a cup once a day at dinner or before going to bed
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Medicine, Traditional , AgingABSTRACT
A majority deletion of 27 exons expanding from 8-34 at rod domain of dystrophic gene was identified in a Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the deletion. The deletion caused an out of frame mutation leading to nonsense mutation which early stops code in exon 35 of dystrophic gene. The DMD gene was analyzed at both genomic DNA and mRNA levels. Identification of deletion at mRNA level is very useful for rapid diagnosis of DMD patients and avoid missing some mutations that we can’t identify at DNA level
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Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne , Dystrophin , GenesABSTRACT
73 cases of renal calculi intrasinus were surgically operated by Resnick.M.I (1981) in Urology Department of Hospital N¬¬0 103. Mean renal thick of parenchyma 1.020.28 cm, urinary infection preoperatively 51.16%. 18 cases have catastrophes (24.66%), intraoperative and postoperative complications included 9 cases have catastrophes intraoperatively (12.33%): bleeding (1 case), tearing of the renal venous (2 cases), neck of the calix tear (1 case), tearing of peritoneum (1 case). And 9 cases had postoperative complications (12.33%): hemorrhage secondary (3 cases), urinary fistula (2 cases), urinary infection (4 cases)
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Kidney Calculi , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Analysis of gene mutation at AND degree on 2 patients with Duchenne having clinical complications: muscle weakness occurred early and progressive, enlarged leg muscles, increased CK level in peripheral blood, muscle biopsy present specific image of the disease. 19 exon were the most commonly mutated on dystrophin gene were selected to implement PCR reaction. Results showed that exon 45 had partial deletion phenomenon in all two patients while exon 44 and 48 had not this model. The patients were determined as bearing consecutive partial delete mutation of three exon 45, 46, 47 on dystrophin gene. This mutation caused incorrect coding frame