ABSTRACT
Resumo A osteoporose é uma doença sistêmica caracterizada pela redução da densidade mineral óssea. A difusão do conhecimento sobre à doença, pode ser uma alternativa viável para atitudes preventivas e de autocuidado. Dessa forma, esse artigo procura identificar como são os programas sobre saúde óssea para idosos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2022 nas bases de dados Periódicos Capes, Web of Science, PubMed e Google Scholar em inglês. Foram encontrados 10.093 estudos, sendo selecionados 7 depois dos critérios de inclusão. Foi possível verificar que os programas de educação para saúde óssea possuem o objetivo de empoderar o idoso pelo aumento do conhecimento sobre a doença, conscientizar sobre o consumo de cálcio e vitamina D ou de medicamentos para osteoporose, mudanças de hábitos e a prática de exercícios físicos. Os programas geralmente são realizados com reuniões em grupo ou individualizados, com sessões de 50 a 60 minutos, podendo ou não, delimitar o número de indivíduos em cada uma delas. Nota-se que acompanhar a evolução do processo educativo também é importante. A contextualização dos temas junto a realidade e interesse dos idosos, parece ser outra forma positiva para despertar atitudes de autocuidado.
Abstract Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density. The dissemination of knowledge about the disease can be a viable alternative for promoting preventive behavior and self-care. This study sought to identify the main characteristics of bone health programs for older persons. We conducted an integrative review, searching for studies published between 2011 and 2022 in the CAPES periodicals database, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar using English descriptors. A total of 10,093 studies were retrieved, seven of which were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. The findings show that bone health education programs aim to empower older people by increasing knowledge about the disease and raising awareness about calcium and vitamin D intake, osteoporosis medications, and the importance of changing habits and exercise. Programs generally consist of group or individual meetings, with sessions lasting 50 to 60 minutes. Class sizes may be limited or unrestricted. Follow-up during the educational process was also found to be important. Tailoring topics to the reality and interests of participants appears to be another positive way of promoting the adoption of self-care practices.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: To evaluate the chronic effects of resistance training on resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in normotensive and hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Experimental study based on TREND. Hypertensive patients were diagnosed by an independent doctor. Before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, we evaluated blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Results: Sample consisted of 41 participants divided into two groups (normotensive n = 28; hypertensive n = 13). We observed significant values in the reduction of blood pressure levels only in the group of hypertensive participants. In functionality outcomes, we observed significant values in all tests and both groups. Outcomes contemplate effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training lowers resting blood pressure levels, increases handgrip strength, and improves physical functional performance. Although the normotensive group did not show a reduction in blood pressure levels, an improvement was observed in the functional physical tests.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Exercise/physiology , Hand Strength/physiology , Physical Functional Performance , Health Services for the Aged , Hypertension/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Verificar a associação de força de preensão palmar e osteoporose em idosos quilombolas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo seccional com 70 participantes (idade 65,58 ± 6.67 anos) de ambos os sexos. A densidade mineral óssea (DMO), massa muscular (MM) e o percentual de gordura foram analisados pela absortometria de raios-x de dupla energia (DXA) e a força de preensão palmar (FPP) por meio do dinamômetro de mão. O ponto de coorte adotado para identificação de osteoporose foi o da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). A identificação do status da sarcopenia foi realizado para caraterização da amostra e para o diagnóstico foi utilizado os critérios propostos pelo European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). A FPP foi associada positivamente e significativamente com a DMO. Resultados: A osteopenia foi identificada em 42,8% da amostra e a osteoporose em 20%, sem diferença entre as frequências segundo o sexo (p = 0,161). Conclusão: Nos idosos quilombolas a baixa FPP esteve positivamente associada com baixa DMO. Portanto, sugerindo que a FPP pode ser considerada um fator de risco importante de estado ósseo em idosos quilombolas.
Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the association between handgrip strength and osteoporosis in elderly quilombolas. Method: It is a sectional study with 70 participants (aged 65.58 ± 6.67 years) of both sexes. Bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass and fat percentage were analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and handgrip strength by a hand dynamometer. Subjects were classified as having osteoporosis according to World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff point. The identification of sarcopenia was performed to characterize the sample and the diagnosis was done according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria. Results: Osteopenia was identified in 42.8% of the sample and osteoporosis in 20%, with no difference between sex (p = 0.161). HGS was positively associated with BMD. Osteopenia was identified in 42.8% of the sample and osteoporosis in 20%, with no difference between the frequencies according to sex (p = 0.161). Conclusion: In the elderly quilombolas low HGS was positively associated with low BMD. Therefore, suggesting that HGS may be considered an important risk factor for bone state in this population.