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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(2): 108-112, 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440397

ABSTRACT

Since astrogliosis is a histological marker usually observed in HIV-associated dementia (HIV-D),we decided to investigate the potential relationship between the expression of glial fibrillary acidicprotein (GFAP) and the regional distribution of cells positive (+) for this specific marker of astrocyte activation.Histological sections of brain tissues obtained at necropsy from 5 HIV-D patients and 5 age-matched controlswithout history of neuropsychiatric illness were immunostained with peroxidase. Mean numbers of GFAP(+)astrocytes were significantly increased in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and subcortical white matter of patients,but values in frontal cortex and basal ganglia were similar to those of controls. In contrast, surface density ofimmunoreactive GFAP was significantly increased in all tested brain areas from all patients, including unusuallyaffected regions such as entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Therefore, such consistent finding of hypertrophicastrocytes, ranging from highest cell percentajes in subcortical white matter to lowest in basal ganglia indicatesthat quantification of surface density in GFAP (+) cells appears to be a more reliable approach to score gliosisthan the counting of their cell nuclei. Because astrocyte activation involves both protective and detrimental effectson adjacent neuronal subsets, the evidence of regional differences in this reactive potential highlights theimportance of accurately defining their contribution to the neuropathogenesis not only of HIV-D, but of a widerange of neurodegenerative disorders.


Diferencias regionales en la activación astrocitaria en demencia asociada a HIV. Siendo laastrogliosis un signo histológico habitualmente presente en demencia asociada a HIV, se investigóla eventual relación entre expresión de proteína gliofibrilar ácida (GFAP) y localización regional de células positivaspara ese marcador específico de la activación astrocitaria. Por inmunoperoxidasa, se procesaron cortes histológicosde tejidos cerebrales obtenidos por necropsia de 5 pacientes y 5 controles de edades similares pero sin antecedentesneuropsiquiátricos. Según los valores de las medias registrados por conteo de astrocitos GFAP(+) en pacientes,el número fue significativamente mayor en corteza entorrinal, hipocampo y sustancia blanca subcortical, mientrasque en corteza frontal y ganglios basales no se encontraron diferencias con controles. En cambio, la densidad desuperficie del material GFAP inmunorreactivo en pacientes estuvo significativamente aumentada en todas las áreascerebrales analizadas, incluso en regiones inusualmente afectadas, como corteza entorrinal e hipocampo. Entreesos astrocitos hipertróficos, el mayor porcentaje correspondió a sustancia blanca subcortical, y el menor a gangliosbasales. Cabe concluir que el constante hallazgo de agrandamiento astrocitario señala a la medida de la superficieinmuno-reactiva como mejor índice de activación celular que el conteo de núcleos de las células marcadas. Dadoslos reconocidos efectos de la astrogliosis sobre las subpoblaciones neuronales vecinas, la comprobadaregionalización de ese potencial reactivo destaca el interés de precisar su contribución en la neuropatogenia, tantode demencia asociada a HIV como de otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , AIDS Dementia Complex/pathology , Astrocytes/metabolism , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , AIDS Dementia Complex/immunology , AIDS Dementia Complex/metabolism , Autopsy , Astrocytes/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/immunology , Hematoxylin/metabolism , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Risk Factors
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 56(4): 397-402, 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-186263

ABSTRACT

Se describe un caso de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) pulmonar en ausencia de lesiones cutaneomucosas observado en un paciente con SIDA, a su vez varón heterosexual de 30 años de edad y con antecedentes de drogadicción por vía intravenosa. Tanto la radiografia como la tomografía computarizada de tórax mostraron un patrón nodular difuso en ambos pulmones, mientras que la endoscopía no revelaba lesiones endobronquiales. El examen citológico de muestra obtenida por punción pulmonar transtorácica fue compatible con SK pulmonar primario, que es neoplasia excepcional en varones heterosexuales drogadependientes con SIDA. Al año de establecido el diagnóstico de SK, el paciente falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders , Lung Neoplasms , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 55(4): 334-6, 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-161636

ABSTRACT

Here we report a case of HIV infection in a lesbian lacking other risk factors. She had sought advice for asthenia and unexplained weight loss. The physical examination disclosed oropharyngeal candidiasis and generalized lymphoadenopathies. The patient defined herself as an active sexual partner and denied having any heterosexual intercourse whatsoever. Particle agglutination test proved positive for anti-HIV, as well as two consecutive ELISA assays, confirmed by Western blot. Since there was no history of blood transfusions or intravenous drug addiction, it may be concluded that HIV transmission was most likely due to female homosexual practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Homosexuality, Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Argentina , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods
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