ABSTRACT
Oxytocin is extensively used to induce or augment uterine contractions, especially to facilitate the third stage of labor in humans. Administration of oxytocin to parturient sows reduces duration of labor whereas mortality of the offspring may remain unchanged. This study aimed to evaluate whether time of administration of oxytocin during parturition may alter the uterine response and fetal outcomes. Two hundred parturient sows were randomly assigned to intramuscularly receive either saline solution (control group) or oxytocin 0.083 IU/kg immediately after the delivery of the 1st, 4th or 8th piglet (groups O-1, 0-4 and 0-8, respectively). Uterine effects and fetal outcomes were registered in all groups. The duration of labor was 20-40 min shorter (P < 0.0001) and time interval between babies was reduced by 3-5 min (P < 0.0001) in the three groups receiving oxytocin. The duration and intensity of contractions, meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths decreased as time at which oxytocin administered during labor was increased. In group 0-8, we observed approximately 70 percent less meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths than in the control group. In conclusion, oxytocin administered at early phases of parturition to sows may increase duration and intensity of uterine contractions as well as adverse fetal outcomes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Myometrium/drug effects , Oxytocics/pharmacology , Oxytocin/pharmacology , Parturition/drug effects , Stillbirth/veterinary , Uterine Contraction/drug effects , Animals, Newborn , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Myometrium/physiology , Oxytocics/administration & dosage , Oxytocics/adverse effects , Oxytocin/administration & dosage , Oxytocin/adverse effects , Parturition/physiology , Swine , Time Factors , Uterine Contraction/physiologyABSTRACT
La evolución de algunos indicadores antropométricos y bioquímicos del estado nutricional fue estudiada en 1980 lactantes hospitalizados con el diagnóstico de diarrea persistente, 76 recibieron lactancia materna exlcusiva durante los primeros 4 meses de vida (120 días) y 104, lactancia mixta. Los niños que recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva mostraron mejor respuesta nutricional, al reducirse el porcentaje de niños desnutridos en un 19,74 por ciento en los que leche de pecho vs 15,35 por ciento en los que se alimentaron en forma mixta. Se encontró una mayor proporción de niños con anemia por déficit de hierro en el grupo de lactancia materna exclusiva (88,15 por ciento vs 84,21 por ciento), aunque el análisis de observaciones repetidas no evidenció diferencias significativas en la evolución del hierro sérico y la hemoglobina. Los autores concluyen que la lactancia materna favorece una mejor respuesta nutricional durante la hospitalización ejerciendo un efecto protector sobre el crecimiento y que todo niño con diarrea persistente debe ser considerado de riesgo en cuanto a los niveles séricos de hierro y deben ser suplementados con dicho mineral