ABSTRACT
A prática regular de exercícios deve levar à regulaçäo da atividade das enzimas antioxidante do músculo esquelético e os oxidantes atuariam como indutores de tal efeito. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi determinar respostas metabólicas adaptativas ao estresse oxidativo em nadadores antes e após um período de treinamento. O estudo foi realizado com doze atletas da equipe de nataçäo do Yara Clube de Marília, submetidos a um período de trinta dias de treinamento, seis vezes por semana. Os resultados demonstraram que exercícios de intensidade variável foram associados com reduçäo na capacidade antioxidante do plasma e respostas adaptativas no sistema da GSH juntamente com a regulaçäo positiva da atividade da SOD eritrocítica. Portanto, concluímos que o exercício físico prolongado em atletasmoderadamente treinados, desenvolve uma resposta do sistema antioxidante numa tentativa de suplantar a geraçäo de radicais livres advindos do metabolismo oxidativo e que o estado antioxidante intraeritrocítico e do plasma säo eficientes indicadores do estresse oxidativo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Antioxidants , Exercise , Swimming/physiology , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
A total of 334 diarrheal fecal samples (from 210 males and 124 females) collected in Kathmandu, Nepal, were studied for various kinds of enteropathogens. Overall, 33% (111/334) fecal samples were positive for one or more enteropathogens. There was no difference in detection rates between males and females. Enteropathogen detection rates in summer, winter, spring, and autumn were 61% (40/66), 52% (45/87), 31% (25/81), and 25% (25/100), respectively. Altogether eight species of bacteria, three genera of viruses, and five species of protozoan parasites were detected with considerable seasonal variations. Among the bacterial isolates, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli topped the list followed by Vibrio sp. Only one sample had Shigella (S. sonnei). Rotavirus type A was the most frequently detected among the enteric viruses, followed by human enterovirus and human adenovirus, respectively. Among the enteric protozoan parasites, Giardia intestinalis was the most frequently detected followed by Cryptosporidium parvum. Detection of bacterial and protozoan pathogens showed a slightly high tendency in the summer season compared with that in the other seasons (p>0.05), whereas the detection of viruses was significantly high in the winter season (p<0.05). Of the total 57 water samples, 43 (75%) showed one or more bacterial species out of which 51% (22/43) were E. coli. Among the E. coli isolates, 68% were EPEC. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157) was not detected.