ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The data on the pattern of primary hematologic malignancies in Bahrain is sparse, although previously published studies suggested rising trends in their incidence. This study aimed to compare with regional and world data and identify any changing trends. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional chart analysis study was done on all cases of primary hematologic malignancies of bone marrow origin of Bahraini nationals presenting during the 10-year period from January 2005 to December 2014 at the sole oncology referral center in Bahrain during the study period. Results: In a total of 272 cases, the primary hematologic malignancies in decreasing order of frequency with respective median ages at diagnosis were: acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 26.1%, 39 years), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 22.8%, 9 years), multiple myeloma (MM, 16.2%, 57 years), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, 14%, 39.5 years), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; 12.5%, 56 years) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; 5.5%, 65 years). The overall crude annual incidence rate of these malignancies was 4.8/105 population. Age-specific incidence rates were found to increase dramatically with age, except for ALL, for which it peaked in the pediatric age group. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 105 per year were 1.47 (AML), 1.13 (MM), 0.93 (ALL), 0.85 (MDS), 0.81 (CML) and 0.44 (CLL). Conclusion: The pattern of primary hematologic malignancies in Bahrain shows unique features that distinguish it from trends reported in Eastern and Western world populations.
ABSTRACT
Aims@#Wax apple is an important fruit crop in Malaysia and other tropical countries. However, the black spot disease caused by Lasiodoplodia theobromae can damage the wax apple plants, reducing fruit production and quality. Chemical fungicides are commonly used to overcome this disease. However, their overuse might increase fungal resistance to chemicals. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of an Aloe vera film incorporated with cinnamon oil on L. theobromae in wax apples.@*Methodology and results@#In vitro antifungal tests were conducted using the poisoned food. This present study found that the inhibition of L. theobromae mycelia when treated with A. vera film with different percentages of cinnamon oil was significantly different compared to the control film at (P<0.05). Results suggest that A. vera film without cinnamon oil showed the highest percentage of inhibition (37.31%) than other films with cinnamon oil due to the antagonistic and less synergistic effect. However, A. vera film with 0.07% of cinnamon oil showed the highest percentage of mycelia inhibition (36.15%) compared to the film with 0.06%, 0.05% and 0.04% cinnamon oil, with mycelia inhibition of 30.55%, 24.25% and 18.82%, respectively, while the mancozeb (positive control) showed 100% inhibition.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#In conclusion, A. vera film alone had 37.31% inhibition compared to 36.15% inhibition in A. vera film with 0.7% cinnamon oil. As a result, a tiny amount of cinnamon oil added to the mixture might aid in controlling the black spot disease in wax fruits.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Aloe , Oils, Volatile , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Background:The irreversibility impacts on flow and heat transfer processes can be quantified through entropy analysis. It is a significant tool which can be utilized to deduce about the energy losses. The current study investigates the inherent irreversibility impacts during a flow of boundary layer and heat transfer on a mobile plate. Methods:The flow is examined under thermal radiation and convective heat conditions. The fundamental governing equations of flow and heat phenomenonare transmuted into ordinary differential equations by employing similarity transmutations and shooting technique is utilized in order to solve the resultant equations. The temperature and velocity profiles are acquired to reckon Bejan and entropy generation number. Pertinent results are elucidated graphically for the movement of plate and flow in same and opposite directions.Results:A decline in temperature profile is noted with rise in values of Prin both cases when the movement of surface and free stream is in similar and converse directions. A decrease in temperature is observed for both cases with increase inNRwhile with the rise in Biot numbera, the temperature profile also increases. Entropy generation rate near the surface is high in case when surface and free stream are moving in opposite directions as compared to case when they move in same directions.Conclusions:It is observed that irreversibility impacts are more remarkable when the movement of fluid and plate is in opposite direction. Moreover, irreversibility impacts of heat transfer are prominent in free stream region.
ABSTRACT
In view of the well-documented medicinal properties of Calotropis procera [CP], the present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the extract. We have prepared a methanolic extract of Calotropis procera and screen varying concentration of CP [20, 30, 40, 50 and 70microg/ml] for the stimulatory potency on neurite outgrowth. The stimulatory effect of CP on neurite outgrowth was assessed in primary hippocampal neurons. Neurite lengths were measured using optika provison analysis software. Neuritogenesis was further analyzed by immunostaining by using specific neuronal marker beta III-tubulin. The data show that neurite outgrowth from hippocampal neurons were significantly enhanced in the presence of CP [40microg/ml]. The most stimulatory neurite outgrowth effects were appeared after 48hrs incubation of neurons with CP [40microg/ml]. These data confirm that CP extract could promote invitro hippocampal neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that CP can be used as a healthy dietary supplement for the cognitive functions of the brain
ABSTRACT
Vitex negundu [Vn] is a well-known aromatic shrub commonly used as a traditional folk medicine famous for its potential pharmacological and biological activities. Several chemical compounds are extracted and identified from the different parts of the Vn such as leaves, root, seeds and flowers. Number of researches reported the herb as antimicrobial, anti-androgenic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumour, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and hepatoprotective. The effects of Vn on neurite outgrowth have not been identified till now. Therefore present study was designed to investigate the neurite outgrowth effects of Vn extract in hippocampal neurons. Neurons from P0 mice were isolated and cultured in defined medium containing the different concentrations of Vn [20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150 and 200 microg/ml] for 48 hrs. The presence of the neurites was confirmed by using betaIII-tubulin antibody which specifically labels only the neurites. Morphometric analysis was done by using Optika Pro-Vision software. The data show that Vn at 30 and 40 microg/ml significantly increased the mean average length of the longest neurite whereas at 150 and 200 microg/ml it significantly decreased the mean average length of the 10 longest neurite in hippocampal neurons. Nevertheless Vn did not show any significant effects on the sum of all the neurite lengths at any concentrations tested. Taken together the result shows that methanolic extract of Vn has potential to produce long neurites at 30 and 40 microg/ml and therefore can be act as a neuroprotective agent in the future drug development
ABSTRACT
Background: Socio-demographic characteristics has impact on the sleep quality and health among insomnia patients
Objectives: The present research aimed to determine the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on sleep quality and health among insomnia patients
Study design, settings and duration: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Gilgit, Pakistan from February 2016 to February 2017
Patients and Methods: In the current study, data of 200 insomnia patients were collected by scales including Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Health Status Questionnaire [SF-36] through purposive sampling technique. The data analysis was carried out by using SPSS [Version-22]. Independent sample t test and one way ANOVA were used to test the assumptions
Results: Results revealed that female insomnia patients had better sleep quality, t [198] = 3.21, p-value <0.01, as compared to males, while males had better overall physical and mental health t [198] = 2.69, p-value <0.05. Young adults had better sleep quality t [198] = 2.34, p-value <0.05, and physical functioning t [198] = 2.02, p-value <0.05 as compared to late adolescents. More educated insomnia patients had better sleep quality t [198] = 2.11, p-value <0.05, physical functioning t [198] = 214, p-value <0.05 and overall physical and mental health t [198] = 2.77, p-value <0.05 whereas less educated patients had better vitality level t [198] = 2.22, p-value <0.05. Moreover the results revealed that insomnia patients with rural background had better physical functioning t [198] = 2.55, p-value <0.05 whereas patients with urban background had better overall physical and mental health t [198] = 4.12, p-value <0.05
Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors, like age, gender, education and residential status, greatly influence the level of sleep quality and health among insomnia patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sleep , Demography , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Status , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment play a significant role in defining the severity of the disease. In search of novel compounds with anti-inflammatory and anticancerous capabilities, the effects of purified compound piperine were investigated in Neuro-2a cell line. The neuronal lineage of Neuro-2a cell line was confirmed by using antibody against Beta-III tubulin protein. The cells were treated with different concentrations of piperine [MuM: 10, 50 and 100] for 48 hrs at 37 degree C. A dose of 100 MuM was selected that induces a 50% inhibition in the cell growth calculated by MTT and morphometery assays. The result shows that in the presence of piperine neurite outgrowth was decreased in a dose dependent manner. The gene expression of TN-C, TNfnD and TnfnC were significantly reduced whereas the expression intensities of TnfnA1, TnfnA2, CSPGs and Laminin were significantly elevated when compared to their respective untreated controls. Similarly proinflammatory marker COX-2 expression was significantly inhibited in the presence of piperine when compared to untreated controls. This is the first time we have illustrated that irrespective of increased expressions of CSPGs, a significant reduction in Tenascin-C and its TNfnD and TNfnC domains are necessary to inhibit the tumor progression. Taken together, the capabilities of piperine to induce an apoptosis by decreasing the neurite outgrowth, proliferation rate and expression of TN-C and COX-2 in Neuro-2a cell line confirmed for its anticancerous and anti-inflammatory potential
ABSTRACT
Background: Pharmacology is one of the most progressive and constantly changing basic medical science subject. The current curriculum of pharmacology lacks uniformity. Lectures, tutorials and practical classes are the common methods of teaching. The scientific and integrated curriculum and innovative teaching methodology fulfils the academic objectives
Objective: To know the students satisfaction and effectiveness of current teaching methods and curriculum in pharmacology. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pharmacology Department, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, from1stNovember to30th November 2017. A set of questionnaire was distributed among the 140, MBBS students of 3rd yearwho have studied pharmacology. Students were instructed to tick the best possible option of each question on the basis of their own perceptions. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version in 20. Descriptive analysis was used to assess different variables in the study
Results:140 students of 3rd year MBBS class participated in this study. Male students were 59 and 81 were female students with mean age of 21.5+/-1 with minimum age of 19 and maximum age of 24 years old. All students answered the questions and gave their opinion. Regarding the current teaching methodologies, 66.4% students were satisfied with current teaching methodology in comparison with 23.5 % who were not satisfied and 10% has no idea
Conclusion: In present study, overall students were satisfied with current teaching curriculum and they were of the view that integrated teaching should be added to the curriculum and teaching should include problem based learning, small group discussion, self-directed learning and bed side teaching in pharmacology
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute poisoning is a significant health problem being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Poisoning due to ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphates is considered among the commonest poisons leading to fatal consequences
Objective: To study the clinical profile and outcome of the patients with [Wheat Pills] Aluminum Phosphide [ALP] poisoning brought to the District Head Quarter [DHQ] Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal
Setting and Duration: The study was carried out in DHQ Hospital Sahiwal [a tertiary care health institution attached with Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, Pakistan] for the period of one year i.e. 1[st] January, 2017 to 31[st] December, 2017
Methodology: The patients above 12 years of either gender brought to the DHQ Hospital Sahiwal, with history of ingestion of [wheat pills] Aluminum phosphide; were included in study by non-probability convenient sampling. The data retrieved from the hospital record / treatment charts of the patients admitted in Accident and Emergency / Medical Units. Prior permission from the controlling authorities was also taken. The data entered in predesigned proforma for further analysis
Results: Of the total one hundred and ten patients; 94[85.45 percent] belonged to the younger age group 12-30 years while 65[59.1 percent] cases of Aluminium Phosphide poisoning were females and 45[40.9 percent] males. Similarly, females represented 30[27.27 percent] poisoning cases compared to males 16[14.54 percent] in the age stratum 12-20 years. Majority 48[43.63 percent] cases were between the age group of 21-30 years. The intake of Aluminium Phosphide with suicidal intent was found in 82[79.6 percent] cases. The frequent clinical features were Shock / Tachycardia observed in 32[29.1 percent] cases whereas 62[56.36 percent] patients couldn't survive in spite of extensive resuscitation
Conclusion: Aluminium Phosphide is frequently used poison with suicidal intent especially in the younger population. Shock / Tachycardia were the most frequent clinical presentation of the patients. Mortality rate was higher in Aluminium Phosphide poisoning in spite of resuscitative measures. No antidote is available so far whereas role of magnesium sulphate and coconut oil are controversial
Recommendations: Situation could be improved by reducing the occupational exposure, resolving the conflicts leading to self-poisoning and adequate training of the medical / paramedical staff in poisoning management at the primary, secondary and tertiary care hospitals. Proper legislation is to be done for strict control on the sale of aluminium phosphide. Further research is required to find out the effective antidote in order to reduce the mortality because of aluminium phosphide poisonin
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are efficient, renewable and environment friendly polymeric esters. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of microbes under stress conditions. This study was carried out to check the suitability of waste frying oil in comparison to other oils for economical bioplastic production. Six bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus (KF270349), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF270350), Bacillus subtilis (KF270351), Brevibacterium halotolerance (KF270352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KF270353), and Stenotrophomonas rhizoposid (KF270354) by ribotyping. All strains were PHA producers so were selected for PHA synthesis using four different carbon sources, i.e., waste frying oil, canola oil, diesel and glucose. Extraction of PHA was carried out using sodium hypochlorite method and maximum amount was detected after 72 h in all cases. P. aeruginosa led to maximum PHA production after 72 h at 37 °C and 100 rpm using waste frying oil that was 53.2% PHA in comparison with glucose 37.8% and cooking oil 34.4%. B. cereus produced 40% PHA using glucose as carbon source which was high when compared against other strains. A significantly lesser amount of PHA was recorded with diesel as a carbon source for all strains. Sharp Infrared peaks around 1740-1750 cm-1 were present in Fourier Transform Infrared spectra that correspond to exact position for PHA. The use of waste oils and production of poly-3hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate (3HB-co-3HV) by strains used in this study is a good aspect to consider for future prospects as this type of polymer has better properties as compared to PHBs.
Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism , Bacillus cereus/metabolism , Polyhydroxyalkanoates/biosynthesis , Hydrocarbons/metabolism , Waste Products/analysis , Plant Oils/metabolism , Plant Oils/chemistry , Gasoline/analysis , BiotransformationABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the rate of recurrent abortion in antioxidants supplemented and non-supplemented mothers
Study Design: Randomized control trail, double blind study
Place and Duration of Study: Liaquat University Medical and Health Sciences-Jamshoro [LUMHS], Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana [SBBMU] hospital and PMC hospital Nawabsha [2012-2014]
Material and Methods: The patients were the mothers who had aborted three consecutive losses continuously. It was multicentre hospitals based study, where cases of recurrent abortion mothers frequently reported and were available. Two techniques were used convenient and snowball to select the patients
Results: A total of 123 cases of recurrent abortion [RA] were recruited and identified for registration [Point Estimate of Incidence] among them n=67 mothers in the active arm and n=56 in placebo arm. The R.A incidence rate was 89 per 1000 mothers at risk in Placebo arm and 149 per 1000 mothers at risk in Active arm. In case of RA the mean age was 30 years in both the arms. Mothers who had suffered recurrent abortion in both arms were mostly illiterate [61%]. The mean duration of marriage in active arm was 16.7 years. Researcher found that most of mothers, 92 [75%] did not become pregnant after taking the prescribed supplementation
Conclusion: The use of antioxidants before conception and during pregnancy significantly improves the chances of live births and outcome in general
ABSTRACT
Background: Camel milk has been widely used as a dietry constituent in desert areas where camels are common. It has also been in use to cure a number of commonly occurring diseases
Objective: To investigate the hepato protective effect of camel milk in antituberculous drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Methodology: This randomized control study was conducted on healthy male albino rats. 24 male albino rats [200-250gms] were obtained from National Institute of Health, Islamabad and kept in animal house of Pharmacology Department, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan. Rats were divided into 4-groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. Rats were given nutritionally standard diet and recommended dosage of antituberculous drugs along with recommended quantity of camel milk. Data was entered and assessed by using SPSS version 17
Results: Hepatoprotective effect of camel milk was analyzed by liver function parameters as serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatases and lactate dehydrogenases. Data showed that antituberculous drugs given for 30 days developed severe liver damage. In biochemical study, there was significant raise in serum diagnostic liver marker enzyme [ALT, AST, ALP and LDH] levels in ATT treated rats. Coadministration of camel milk and antituberculous drugs led to significantly decreased enzyme levels. [P=0.01]
Conclusion: This study concluded that co-administration of camel milk can reduce the toxicity and damage of liver caused by antituberculous drugs
ABSTRACT
Objective: Proper training and knowledge about pain and pain management can help nurses during their task of active management to relieve pain, but it also builds positive attitude towards patients. We aimed to determine the association between knowledge and attitudes of the nurses about pain management of cancer patients and the relationship to different demographic and educational factors
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals of Lahore, [Pakistan] from 1st July 2013 to 1st July 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. 100 nurses working in cancer units [both medical and surgical oncology wards] were included in the study using convenient sampling technique. Nurses not working in cancer units, high positioned [head nurses] and nurses with higher education [e.g. MSc [N], post RN-BSc [N], other courses] were excluded from the study. Questionnaire used based upon the "Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain [KASRP]" for knowledge and attitude. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0
Results: Out of one hundred nurses 90% were females while 10% were males. The mean age of participants was 30.88 +/- 8.91 years. Majority of the nurses i.e., 59% had inadequate knowledge. Attitude score regarding the cancer pain management was 60%. Knowledge of pain management was significantly associated with nurses attitude towards pain management [p = .001]
Conclusion: There is positive association between the knowledge and attitude towards cancer pain management. Thus, by showing good attitude, the nurses, who spend most of their time with patients can help to minimize their pain. This is only possible if the nurses have proper knowledge and education in this field
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Knowledge , Nurses , Attitude , Neoplasms , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To study the in-hospital outcome of adult patients who had undergone surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology searching the hospital records. All those adult patients who had undergone repair for Tetralogy of Fallot from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in the study. All the patients were operated by the same surgical team. Patients who underwent primary repair as well as those with previous palliative procedures were included in the study. Thirty days outcome was studied by recording variables from the database. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Results: A total of 80 patients was included in the study, in which there were 48 (60%) male patients and 32 (40%) female patients. Mean age was 21±0.21 years. Those with previous palliation were 15 (18.75%). The associated problems observed were: atrial septal defect 27 (33.75%), right aortic arch 30 (37.5%), patent ductus arteriosus 6 (7.5%) and double outlet right ventricle 3 (3.75%). In-hospital mortality recorded was 7 (8%). Postoperative complications encountered were low cardiac output syndrome 9 (11.25%), pleural effusion requiring tapping 3 (3.75%), reoperation for bleeding 3 (3.8%), pulmonary regurgitation (moderate to severe) 20 (25%) which occurred in the transannular patch group only and atrial arrhythmia 4 (5%). Conclusion: A large number of adult patients are still operated for tetralogy of Fallot in Pakistan. With increasing experience in the technique the mortality and morbidity is comparable to international literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Tetralogy of Fallot/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Hospital MortalityABSTRACT
There has been a phenomenal change in medical education in Pakistan also over the last 30 years. Through medical education, training of future doctors is done in such a way that they are capable of managing the health problems of those who seek their services in a competent and humane manner. The traditional oral examination/viva-voce is a favorite assessment tool in basic medical sciences as well as in clinical examinations for various reasons in our country
Subject(s)
Educational Measurement , Needs Assessment , StudentsABSTRACT
Introduction: Cardiac arrest following an open-heart surgery can be a devastating event, leading to severe mortality and morbidity. Various factors may precipitate cardiac arrest by decreasing perfusion to the heart. Open chest cardiac resuscitation is superior to closed chest cardiac resuscitation in restoring blood flow to the heart. The time between the onset of cardiac arrest to the provision of necessary method of resuscitation is of crucial significance, in deciding the outcome. If perfusion is not restored to the heart, within 5 minutes of closed chest cardiac resuscitation, a resternotomy is indicated. In this article we document number of cardiac arrests after open heart procedures in a tertiary care hospital
Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed 2.5 year data of cardiac patients admitted to our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit from January 2014 to June 2016, after open heart procedures, and recorded the number of cardiac arrests post open heart procedures, and the outcome of the resuscitation
Results: In 2.5 years out of 2505 admissions to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit [CICU], 44 [1.76%] experienced cardiac arrest out of which only 4 [9.09%] patients survived to be discharged home
Conclusion: The results of our study show that the survival rate of cardiac arrests post open heart procedures in our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit is 9.09% as compared to most of published studies from advanced centers showing a survival rate of 25 to 50%. To find out the cause-effect factors was not the objective of this study, but needs to be researched in all Cardiac Intensive Care Units of the country
ABSTRACT
Surgery on the heart was considered out of bounds till the invention of the bypass machine in 1953. Since then the significant advancements have been made in the heart lung machine, as it evolved over time. In the initial era, it was operated by operating room technicians or physicians, but with its increased use in the 1960s, a need was soon felt for more trained professionals to operate the machine. Hence, a new breed of professional cardiovascular perfusionists came into existence with formal certification and accreditation. In United States, Ohio University started formal training of perfusionists in 1969. This was followed by the creation of various organizations to facilitate the accreditation process, such as The American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology [AmSECT] and American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion [ABCP]. In Europe, The European Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion [EBCP] was founded in 1991 by Cardiovascular Perfusionists, which continued to certify perfusionists. In Pakistan the Pakistan Society of Clinical Perfusionists [PSCP] was formed in 2009, to facilitate former education and certification in perfusion sciences. Increased demand for quality assurance and to maintain standards of practice in the field of perfusion sciences, has led to the creation of International Consortium for Evidence Based Perfusion [ICEBP]. With constant improvements in the heart lung machine to make bypass safer, the perfusionist must be familiar with updated protocols and knowledge to ensure the safety of the patient during cardiac procedures
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the docking of Amotosalen hydrochloride [AH] at CD-61 of platelets, and to suggest the cause of bleeding in AH treated platelets transfusion
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: Medical College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, from October 2014 to May 2015
Methodology: The study was carried out in-silico. PDB [protein data bank] code of Tirofiban bound to CD-61 was 2vdm. CD-61 was docked with Tirofiban using online docking tools, i.e. Patchdock and Firedock. Then, Amotosalen hydrochloride and CD-61 were also docked. Best docking poses to active sites of 2vdm were found. Ligplot of interactions of ligands and CD-61 were obtained. Then comparison of hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bond lengths, and hydrophobic bonds of 2vdm molecule and best poses of docking results were done. Patchdock and Firedock results of best poses were also analysed using SPSS version 16
Results: More amino acids were involved in hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds in Patchdock and Firedock docking of Amotosalen hydrochloride with CD-61 than Patchdock and Firedock docking of CD-61 with Tirofiban. The binding energy was more in latter than former
Conclusion: Amotosalen hydrochloride binds to the active site of CD-61 with weaker binding force. Haemorrhage seen in Amotosalen hydrochloride-treated platelets might be due to binding of Amotosalen hydrochloride to CD-61
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis and to evaluate their etiological factors in women
Study design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fatima Hospital Baqai Medical University, in October 2014
Methodology: Females visiting the outpatient department were randomly selected. These were offered bone mineral density [BMD] test and calcaneal ultrasound. Variables assessed were marital status, parity, lactation status, dietary habits, covering body / using hijab [veil], profession etc. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 15. Chi square test and Fisher Exact test were applied. Results were considered significant if p value was < 0.05
Results: One hundred and thirty two women were evaluated in the study. Mean age of woman was 34.27 + 9.04 year. Osteopenia was detected in 71 [53.8%] women while 20 [15.2%] were in the category of osteoporosis. Significant association was found between anemia and bone density while no significant association was found between working status of women and bone density. Lactation and veil also played important role in BMD scores
Conclusions: Osteopenia was common in pre-menopausal period. The frequency of osteoporosis was found to be less than osteopenia
ABSTRACT
Objective: to find out frequency of pre menstrual syndrome [PMS] and its impact on undergraduate medical students living in hostels in comparison with day-scholars
Study design: cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: baqai Medical University Karachi, from October 2014 to December 2014
Methodology: a group of 100 were selected for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to gather meaningful information from the students. Quantitative design was used to acquire date. Chi square and Fisher Exact tests were used for analysis
Results: the mean age of the selected females was 21.48 + 1.761 year. Among a large array of variables, 24 were found significant in the study. This included dysmenorreha, muscle pain, bloated sensation, breast swelling and joint pain
Conclusion: the hostellers were more likely to develop PMS related symptoms in comparison with dayscholars