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Background@#Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3–7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters. @*Results@#Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others. @*Conclusions@#Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.
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Background: Intra-peritoneal instillation of local anesthetics has been shown to minimize post-operative pain after laparoscopic surgeries. The present study was undertaken with the following aim to compare the efficacy of intra-peritoneal instillation and local infiltration with bupivacaine versus placebo for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic tubal ligation. To correlate the advantages and side effects of the drugs during the procedure. To establish a protocol for the use of bupivacaine instillation and infiltration for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic tubal ligation.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital attached to a teaching medical institute. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained for this randomized control study (double blind) including 50 women who will be divided in two groups. Group A will be administered intra-peritoneal bupivacaine along with local infiltration. Group B will be administered normal saline. Post-operative pain will be monitored by a blind observer and rescue analgesia will be administered at visual analogue score of 3.Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age and BMI. The mean duration of analgesia in Group A with bupivacaine was 315.60±79.9 min (Median 300 min). The mean duration of analgesia in Group B with normal saline was 138.20±46.97 min (Median 150 min, p value <0.001).Conclusions: The study depicts a significant pain relief after use of bupivacaine. Bupivacaine instillation in the peritoneal cavity along with local infiltration of the drug gives prolongs pain relief as compared to normal saline.
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Background: Pregnancy, although being considered a physiological state, carries the risk of serious maternal morbidity and at times mortality, due to various complications that may arise during pregnancy, labour or thereafter. The existing medical condition, infection, and surgical condition which is collectively called as non- obstetric cause pre disposes a women for more complication than a non-pregnant women, so much so that it can lead to maternal mortality. Thus, Pregnancy is more vulnerable state and present study was carried out to study, analyse and review various non-obstetrics causes of death of women during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy in Tertiary care centre.Methods: This was an Observational study, conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, at a tertiary care hospital attached with medical college, from October 2016 to October 2018. The details of maternal deaths were collected from various departments with non- obstetric causes and analyzed.Results: The total number of deliveries in my study period was 15,208. There were 197 maternal mortality in our study period, of which 51 women died of non-obstetric causes. The most common cause of maternal mortality in our study was hepatic cause i.e. 33.33% amongst which viral hepatitis was the most common cause followed by respiratory (19.60%), infectious (15.18%), heamoglobinopathy (13.72%), cardiac (5.88%), neurological (5.88%), surgical (5.88%) causes.Conclusions: Looking into our study, maternal mortality can be reduced by identifying various different indirect medical causes which are preventable by proper pre-pregnancy evaluation for pre-existing comorbid conditions.
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Localized nodular synovitis is an uncommon entity with different presentations. It is a benign proliferative disorder that originates from a small area of the synovium. This disorder is found most frequently in the tendon sheaths of the small joints of the fingers and toes. We reported here a case of localized nodular synovitis in a 30 years young man who came with complaints of discomfort in the knee joint. Swelling in the infrapatellar region was diagnosed on physical examination. on MR imaging, a solitary ovoid mass lesion was identified in the infrapatellar region involving the infra patellar fat of pad. Mild enhancement within the lesion was observed after administration of intravenous gadolinium. There was mild to moderate joint effusions in the suprapatellar bursa. Mild synovial enhancement was demonstrated. No meniscal or ligament tear was identified. Prospective diagnosis based on MR imaging was localized nodular synovitis.
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HELLP syndrome is a serious complication in pregnancy characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count. This case demonstrated the importance of rapid and early diagnosis and treatment of HELLP syndrome to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. 26 years old, 2nd gravida with 31 weeks of gestation with severe pre-eclampsia was admitted to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Patient suddenly developed epigastric pain, blood tinge urine (not frank hematuria)and decrease urine output within 24 hours of admission. Investigations revealed platelet count 44,300, serum bilirubin 12, direct bilirubin 3.44, and indirect bilirubin 8.56, SGPT 193.5 and was diagnosed as a HELLP syndrome class 1 She underwent cesarean section and there was dramatic improvement of her symptoms and all blood investigations (S. bilirubin, Platelet count) were declined to normal limit within 48 hours post operatively. HELLP syndrome, a variant of severe pre-eclampasia, if diagnosed and manage timely ensure favorable maternal and perinatal outcome.
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Background: Total 0.2% to 4% of all pregnancies are complicated by cardiac diseases. In non western countries, rheumatic heart diseases (RHD) constitute 56-89% of the cases and congenital heart diseases only 9-19%. Aim and objectives: To review all obstetric patients with co-existing cardiac diseases admitted to a tertiary care center over a period of one year and ascertain the causes of admissions and the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Material and methods: A retrospective, analytical study of all patients with cardiac diseases who delivered over a period of January 2013 to December 2013 was conducted. A tabulated representation of the data was done. The various cardiac diseases were categorized according to their severity, NYHA category, type of pathology, the maternal and perinatal outcome was assessed and maternal mortality and perinatal mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Total 69% cardiac lesions in pregnancy were rheumatic in origin and 15% belonged to high risk category while 13.1% were NYHA type IV. Total 69% deliveries were by vaginal route Epidural analgesia preferred in LSCS of cardiac patients. Perinatal and maternal complications were observed to increase with increase in NYHA class.
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Many factors; including relatively young age of thyroid cancer diagnoses and improved survival; have led to increased concerns about the occurrence of second primary malignancies. This paper describes the pattern of occurrence of second primary malignancies in patients who were treated for malignant thyroid neoplasms in an Indian hospital. There were 21 affected patients of the approximately 4500 seen over 25 years. Most of the second primary cancers are solid tumors; and when nonthyroid cancers are the second tumors; ductal carcinoma of the female breast is the most common. Most of these tumors have very short detection intervals (including synchronous occurrences); suggesting that therapy with internal radiation was not contributory to the tumor development. When thyroid malignancies were the second primary cancers; they usually follow radiotherapy to the head and neck region for treatment of the first primary tumor and tend to be of aggressive histologic types than the common well differentiated thyroid carcinomas