ABSTRACT
Noma Neonatorum is characterized by a gangrenous process involving mucocutaneous junctions of oral, nasal and anal area and occasionally, the eyelids and scrotum. It is seen during the first few weeks of neonatal life in premature and low birth weight babies. Noma Neonatorum is commonly described with pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. A case of Noma Neonatorum associated with E.coli sepsis is described for the first time.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/complications , Escherichia coli Infections/complications , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Noma/microbiology , Sepsis/microbiologySubject(s)
Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Crying , Heart Rate , Heel , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/psychology , Oxygen Consumption , Pain Measurement , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , RespirationSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Male , Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Salmonella/classification , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Anatomical, functional and neurochemical maturation of pain pathways is well developed in fetus and neonates. Various physiological and behavioural responses to painful stimuli in neonates substantiate their ability to feel pain. Biological effects of pain are systematically studied in human fetus and neonates. Pain expressions in the newborn not only reflect tissue damage but are a function of ongoing behavioural state. The ultimate aim should be to keep neonates free from pain and other stressful stimuli as far as possible, by advocating minimal handling protocol, giving comforts after painful procedures, local anesthesia while carrying out painful procedures like cutdown and insertion of chest tubes, and if a baby is ventilated fentanyl and/or midazalam infusion must be carried out during initial periods of ventilation.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/physiology , Pain/diagnosis , Pain MeasurementSubject(s)
Adult , Aminophylline/poisoning , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/poisoning , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/chemically induced , Fatal Outcome , Female , Fetal Distress/chemically induced , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The causes of low birth weight (LBW) are multifactoral with genetic, placental, fetal and maternal factors interplaying with each other. To assess the influence of some of the maternal bio-social factors on the variance of birth weight, this study was undertaken. A total of 984 consecutive live births delivered at an urban hospital were analysed. The rate of LBW was 28.3% and preterms accounted for 3.2%. A strong correlation existed between birth weight and maternal height, weight, age, ANC visits and risk status at pregnancy. A short, malnourished, young, unregistered or primiparous mother was associated with a higher rate of LBW. On multiple regression analysis it was noted that maternal weight, parity and ANC visits independently affected the birthweight of the new born. Therefore emphasis needs to be given to maternal biosocial factors which are amenable to improvement to reduce the incidence of LBW. This can be done by selectively targeting interventions to improve nutrition, and curtailing parity and promoting contraception.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Maternal Age , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Prospective Studies , Registries , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Sampling Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
One hundred term exclusively breast fed babies weighing more than 2.5 kg were evaluated to determine the efficacy of various modes and doses of Vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn (HDN). The babies were grouped into four categories of 25 each: Group A--1 mg Vitamin K intramuscular (Menadione sodium disulphite) at birth; Group B--0.5 mg Vitamin K intramuscular; Group C--1 mg Vitamin K orally, and group D--no Vitamin K. The prothrombin index was estimated in all babies between 36-72 hours of age. The results revealed a prothrombin index in Groups A, B, C and D as 94.98 +/- 7.64%, 95.08 +/- 9.91%, 92.51 +/- 10.10% and 80.39 +/- 15.90%, respectively. The differences between Groups A, B and C were insignificant. However, Group D, prothrombin index was significantly reduced as compared with the other three groups. It is, therefore, concluded that oral Vitamin K is as effective as injectable Vitamin K and its usage is recommended in our country to reduce complications and costs of parenteral therapy.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Breast Feeding , Female , Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding/prevention & control , Humans , Infant, Newborn/blood , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Prospective Studies , Prothrombin Time , Vitamin K/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Sixteen cases of carcinoma head pancreas and seven cases of periampullary carcinoma are staged together on CT scan because of their morphological similarity and similar parameters. Following parameters are considered for CT staging: tumour mass, involvement of splanchnic vessels, locoregional lymph nodes and presence or absence of hepatic metastases. Findings were confirmed on surgical exploration. A contrast enhanced CT scan was 58.3 percent sensitive and 100 percent specific for the involvement of lymph nodes and 100 percent sensitive and 93.4 percent specific for hepatic metastases. The cases diagnosed as non-resectable on CT staging were found inoperable on exploration. Authors believe that for all practical purposes, pancreatic and periampullary malignancies can be grouped together and a contrast enhanced CT scan can provide reliable information for the staging of the tumor.