ABSTRACT
Noma Neonatorum is characterized by a gangrenous process involving mucocutaneous junctions of oral, nasal and anal area and occasionally, the eyelids and scrotum. It is seen during the first few weeks of neonatal life in premature and low birth weight babies. Noma Neonatorum is commonly described with pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. A case of Noma Neonatorum associated with E.coli sepsis is described for the first time.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/complications , Escherichia coli Infections/complications , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Noma/microbiology , Sepsis/microbiologySubject(s)
Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Crying , Heart Rate , Heel , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/psychology , Oxygen Consumption , Pain Measurement , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , RespirationSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Male , Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Salmonella/classification , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Anatomical, functional and neurochemical maturation of pain pathways is well developed in fetus and neonates. Various physiological and behavioural responses to painful stimuli in neonates substantiate their ability to feel pain. Biological effects of pain are systematically studied in human fetus and neonates. Pain expressions in the newborn not only reflect tissue damage but are a function of ongoing behavioural state. The ultimate aim should be to keep neonates free from pain and other stressful stimuli as far as possible, by advocating minimal handling protocol, giving comforts after painful procedures, local anesthesia while carrying out painful procedures like cutdown and insertion of chest tubes, and if a baby is ventilated fentanyl and/or midazalam infusion must be carried out during initial periods of ventilation.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/physiology , Pain/diagnosis , Pain MeasurementSubject(s)
Adult , Aminophylline/poisoning , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/poisoning , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/chemically induced , Fatal Outcome , Female , Fetal Distress/chemically induced , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/chemically inducedABSTRACT
One hundred term exclusively breast fed babies weighing more than 2.5 kg were evaluated to determine the efficacy of various modes and doses of Vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn (HDN). The babies were grouped into four categories of 25 each: Group A--1 mg Vitamin K intramuscular (Menadione sodium disulphite) at birth; Group B--0.5 mg Vitamin K intramuscular; Group C--1 mg Vitamin K orally, and group D--no Vitamin K. The prothrombin index was estimated in all babies between 36-72 hours of age. The results revealed a prothrombin index in Groups A, B, C and D as 94.98 +/- 7.64%, 95.08 +/- 9.91%, 92.51 +/- 10.10% and 80.39 +/- 15.90%, respectively. The differences between Groups A, B and C were insignificant. However, Group D, prothrombin index was significantly reduced as compared with the other three groups. It is, therefore, concluded that oral Vitamin K is as effective as injectable Vitamin K and its usage is recommended in our country to reduce complications and costs of parenteral therapy.