ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and is responsible for majority of liver transplantation worldwide. It has got no vaccine for prevention. Interferon containing regimen was the only management options for treatment of Hepatitis C virus till last year. Due to side effect profile and treatment cost this treatment options was not reachable for general population. Besides, response rate was not so satisfactory (Genotype 1, 40-50%, Genotype 2 & 3, 70-80%). New oral antivirals were introduced in 2014 which has got little side effect profile as well as good treatment response rate (80-95%). These new drugs with their different combination regimens along with indications, contraindications and treatment monitoring of Hepatitis C virus are discussed briefly in this review.
ABSTRACT
A prescription order is a written instruction of doctors to pharmacist to supply drugs in particular form to a patient and the directions to the patients regarding the use of medicines. This study was undertaken to observe the prescribing patterns of the private practitioners in Bangladesh, 430 prescriptions were collected randomly from Dhaka city and analyzed using WHO/INRUD indicators. There were average 3.40 drugs per prescription. Drugs were prescribed in generic name only in 0.20%. About 46.31% drugs were prescribed from the Essential Drug List, only 19% of prescriptions were complete in respect to patient medication information. Antibiotics were prescribed in 70.33% of the prescriptions; injections were prescribed in about 8.35% of the prescriptions.
ABSTRACT
The plant Piper chaba Hunter (Piperaceae), a climbing glabrous shrub grows in plenty in southern Bangladesh. Popularly known as 'Choi' it is used as spices and believed to have medicinal value in a wide variety of disease conditions including arthritis, asthma, bronchitis and piles. In the present study, effect of methanol extract of Piper chaba stem bark on acute inflammation has been reported. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in rats by injecting 0.1ml of 1% carrageenan suspension into the planter surface, where oedema of the rat's hind paw was used as an index of acute inflammation. Methanol extract of Piper chaba stem bark given orally 1 hour before injection at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight, produced significant (p< 0.05) anti inflammatory effect compared to control and the percentage of inhibition of oedema formation was 33% and 35% respectively, which however was less compared to aspirin (46%) and hydrocortisone (56%). The result suggest that in case of acute inflammation, Piper chaba stem bark possess mild to moderate anti inflammatory effect compared to that of aspirin and hydrocortisone.
ABSTRACT
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a common childhood illness characterized by massive proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia & edema. NS is a disease of relapse and it is a major problem to manage the cases with frequent relapse. So it is very important to find out such children who are prone to develop frequent relapse. This retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from January to December 2005.Total 100 children with relapsed NS of them 50 had Frequent Relapse NS (FRNS) and 50 had Infrequent Relapse NS (IFRNS) were included in the study with a view to find out the risk factors for relapse. Data were collected from previous medical and hospital records. Data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Chi-squared test and Student's t-Test were used as statistical test and p value < 0.05 was taken as significant. NS was more common among 2-6 years of age (67%) with male to female ratio roughly 2:1. Most of patient with frequent relapse had age <5 years, came from rural area and belongs to poor social class compared to that of infrequent relapse. The mean age at first onset was significantly less in frequent relapse group than that of infrequent relapse group. Majority of atopic child belongs to frequent relapse cases. Low serum albumin level, low serum total protein level, culture positive Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) at initial attack were observed to be statistically significant in case of frequent relapse group.